Swimming Anatomy
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Questions and Answers

Which type of muscle fiber is characterized by slow speed of contraction, fatigue resistance, and high myoglobin content?

  • Aerobic Endurance
  • Fast Twitch Glycolytic
  • White Muscle
  • Red Muscle (correct)

    • What is the function of the adipose fin in fishes?

  • Increased effective size for defense
  • Swimming efficiency (correct)
  • Flow sensor
  • Fat storage

    • Which type of caudal fin shape is characterized by a deeply forked shape and is found in fast swimmers like tuna and marlin?

  • Homocercal
  • Isocercal
  • Heterocercal
  • Lunate (correct)

    • What is the purpose of the pectoral fins in fishes?

    <p>Stability and steering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fin is fleshy, lacks fin rays, and is important for swimming efficiency in post-larval stage fishes?

    <p>Adipose fin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fins are located ventral and posteriorly, and assist in steering and braking in fishes?

    <p>Pelvic fins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aspect ratio of a caudal fin that has a homocercal shape?

    <p>h2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle fiber is characterized by high contraction velocity, low capillary supply, and high glycogen content?

    <p>Fast Twitch Glycolytic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the dorsal and anal fins in fishes?

    <p>Propulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of caudal fin shape is characterized by a lack of well-defined lobes and is found in fishes like killifish?

    <p>Isocercal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of locomotion discussed in the text?

    <p>Fin design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a property of water discussed in the text?

    <p>Buoyancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of fins discussed in the text?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between ceratotrichia and lepidotrichia?

    <p>Ceratotrichia is made of cartilage, while lepidotrichia is made of bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the high resistance to motion in water?

    <p>Drag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the neutral buoyancy in water?

    <p>Buoyancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the broad functional categories of body shape discussed in the text?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the ability to control pitch, roll, and yaw in swimming?

    <p>Maneuverability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the stiffness and unbranched nature of shark fins?

    <p>Ceratotrichia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the flexible and segmented nature of bony fish fins?

    <p>Lepidotrichia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is primarily used by track stars in sprint and distance events?

    <p>Both red and white muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the muscle fiber makeup of track stars and marlins?

    <p>Track stars have a mix of red and white muscle, while marlins have only red muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is concentrated in the caudal peduncle of marlins?

    <p>Red muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of predators are striped bass and bluefish?

    <p>Open water predators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is mainly used by rover predators like dogfish and trout?

    <p>White muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary swimming style of rover predators?

    <p>Intermittent burst of activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of predators are pike and bass?

    <p>Lie-in-wait predators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is used by pike and bass as their swimming style changes?

    <p>Both red and white muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the muscle fiber makeup of track stars and pike/bass?

    <p>Track stars have a mix of red and white muscle, while pike/bass have only red muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the muscle fiber makeup of marlins and rover predators?

    <p>Marlins have a mix of red and white muscle, while rover predators have only red muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of caudal fin shape is characterized by a deeply forked shape and is found in fast swimmers like tuna and marlin?

    <p>Lunate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pectoral fins in fishes?

    <p>Stability and steering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of predators are pike and bass?

    <p>Rover predators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the muscle fiber makeup of track stars and marlins?

    <p>Track stars have more red muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of caudal fin shape is characterized by a lack of well-defined lobes and is found in fishes like killifish?

    <p>Isocercal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is mainly used by rover predators like dogfish and trout?

    <p>Red muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the adipose fin in fishes?

    <p>Flow sensor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fin is fleshy, lacks fin rays, and is important for swimming efficiency in post-larval stage fishes?

    <p>Adipose fin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is primarily used by track stars in sprint and distance events?

    <p>White muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary swimming style of rover predators?

    <p>Fast swimming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of fins in fishes?

    <p>To generate thrust and provide propulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle fiber is characterized by slow speed of contraction, fatigue resistance, and high myoglobin content?

    <p>Type I muscle fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of predators are striped bass and bluefish?

    <p>Lie-in-wait predators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary swimming style of rover predators?

    <p>Fast and agile swimming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the ability to control pitch, roll, and yaw in swimming?

    <p>Maneuverability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the broad functional categories of body shape discussed in the text?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the dorsal and anal fins in fishes?

    <p>To assist in steering and braking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the adipose fin in fishes?

    <p>Unknown function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is concentrated in the caudal peduncle of marlins?

    <p>Type IIb muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fins are located ventral and posteriorly, and assist in steering and braking in fishes?

    <p>Anal fins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is mainly used by striped bass and bluefish?

    <p>Red muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary swimming style of marlins?

    <p>Sustained high-speed swimming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the muscle fiber makeup of track stars and rover predators?

    <p>Track stars have mainly white muscle, while rover predators have mainly red muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle fiber is characterized by fast speed of contraction, low capillary supply, and high glycogen content?

    <p>White muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the ability to control pitch, roll, and yaw in swimming?

    <p>Maneuverability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the dorsal and anal fins in fishes?

    <p>To provide stability and control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pectoral fins in fishes?

    <p>To assist in steering and braking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aspect ratio of a caudal fin that has a homocercal shape?

    <p>Greater than 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the adipose fin in fishes?

    <p>Unknown function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between ceratotrichia and lepidotrichia?

    <p>Ceratotrichia are flexible and segmented, while lepidotrichia are stiff and unbranched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Density of water is 800 times greater than air?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Viscosity of water is 50 times greater than air?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Fins in sharks are made of cartilage?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The pectoral fins in fishes are primarily used for stability and steering.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The caudal fin shape of fast swimmers like tuna and marlin is deeply forked and has a high aspect ratio.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: White muscle fibers in fishes are characterized by high contraction velocity, low capillary supply, and high glycogen content.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Track stars primarily use red muscle for swimming.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Marlins have a larger concentration of red muscle in their caudal peduncle compared to other muscles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rover predators mainly use white muscle with a thin band of red muscle.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Track stars and rover predators use different types of muscle fibers for swimming.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Muscle Fibers

    • Slow-twitch muscle fibers are characterized by slow speed of contraction, fatigue resistance, and high myoglobin content.
    • Fast-twitch muscle fibers are characterized by high contraction velocity, low capillary supply, and high glycogen content.

    Fins in Fishes

    • The adipose fin in fishes provides stability and support.
    • Pectoral fins in fishes are used for stability, steering, and maneuverability.
    • The dorsal and anal fins in fishes provide stability and prevent rolling and yawing.
    • The caudal fin shape of fast swimmers like tuna and marlin is deeply forked and has a high aspect ratio.
    • The caudal fin shape of fishes like killifish lacks well-defined lobes.
    • Fleshy fins, lacking fin rays, are important for swimming efficiency in post-larval stage fishes.
    • Ventral and posteriorly located fins assist in steering and braking in fishes.

    Swimming and Locomotion

    • Rover predators like dogfish and trout primarily use white muscle and have a steady, cruising swimming style.
    • Pike and bass, ambush predators, use red muscle and have a rapid, explosive swimming style.
    • Marlins, fast swimmers, have a high concentration of red muscle in their caudal peduncle.
    • Striped bass and bluefish, active predators, primarily use white muscle.

    Body Shape and Water Properties

    • The broad functional categories of body shape discussed in the text are compressiform, fusiform, and filamentous.
    • The term used to describe the ability to control pitch, roll, and yaw in swimming is maneuverability.
    • The term used to describe the high resistance to motion in water is drag.
    • The term used to describe the neutral buoyancy in water is density.
    • The difference between ceratotrichia and lepidotrichia is that ceratotrichia are cartilaginous fin rays, while lepidotrichia are bony fin rays.

    True or False

    • True: Density of water is 800 times greater than air.
    • True: Viscosity of water is 50 times greater than air.
    • True: Fins in sharks are made of cartilage.
    • True: The pectoral fins in fishes are primarily used for stability and steering.
    • True: The caudal fin shape of fast swimmers like tuna and marlin is deeply forked and has a high aspect ratio.
    • False: Track stars primarily use red muscle for swimming.

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