Swallowing Mechanism Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the average number of times a normal adult swallows per day?

  • 600 (correct)
  • 1,000
  • 100
  • 300

What is the approximate time it takes for a bolus to pass from the oral cavity to the esophagus during normal deglutition?

  • Less than 2 seconds (correct)
  • Less than 1 second
  • More than 5 seconds
  • About 3 seconds

Which of the following is NOT involved in the swallowing mechanism?

  • Peripheral nervous system (correct)
  • Cranial nerves
  • Cervical nerve segments
  • Medulla oblongata

What is the primary function of the swallowing center in the medulla oblongata?

<p>Coordinating swallowing movements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does research suggest about aspiration?

<p>It may occur normally without significant consequences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the base of the tongue located?

<p>Oropharynx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the larynx?

<p>Valleculae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cricopharyngeal muscle?

<p>To close the upper esophageal sphincter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these muscles helps to constrict the oropharynx?

<p>Middle pharyngeal constrictor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the pharynx is closest to the esophagus?

<p>Hypopharynx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these structures is NOT a part of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES)?

<p>Base of the tongue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a function of the epiglottis?

<p>To prevent the passage of food down into the larynx during swallowing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the valleculae?

<p>Between the epiglottis and the base of the tongue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerves are involved in neural control related to swallowing?

<p>V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are innervated by the C1-C3 nerves?

<p>Sternohyoid, omohyoid, and sternothyroid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the medulla oblongata play in swallowing?

<p>It serves as the primary center for initiating swallowing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about geniohyoid and thyrohyoid is correct?

<p>They are controlled by CN XII and C1 combined. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve controls the movement of the majority of the tongue muscles involved in swallowing?

<p>CN XII (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for the movement of the lips?

<p>Orbicularis oris (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles plays a significant role in mastication?

<p>Temporalis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is formed by the combination of the hard palate and the soft palate?

<p>Roof of the mouth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intrinsic muscle of the tongue alters its shape for speech and swallowing?

<p>Transversus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is part of the lateral group of mastication muscles?

<p>Lateral pterygoid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle assists in the movement of the base of the tongue?

<p>Genioglossus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the palatopharyngeus muscle?

<p>Help with swallowing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following refers to the arch located at the back of the mouth?

<p>Posterior faucial arch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Deglutition

The process of swallowing, moving food from the mouth to the stomach.

Oral Phase of Swallowing

A voluntary action that begins the swallowing process by moving the bolus (food) to the back of the mouth.

Pharyngeal Phase of Swallowing

A reflex action controlled by the brain, transporting the bolus from the pharynx to the esophagus.

Esophageal Phase of Swallowing

The final part of swallowing, where food is moved through the esophagus to the stomach.

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Aspiration

The entry of food or liquid into the airway (windpipe).

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Cranial Nerves for Swallowing

Cranial nerves involved in swallowing, including V (trigeminal), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), XI (accessory), and XII (hypoglossal). These nerves control various aspects of swallowing, such as chewing, tongue movement, and laryngeal elevation.

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Orbicularis Oris

Circular muscle surrounding the mouth, responsible for lip movements like puckering and closing.

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Mandible

The lower jaw, plays a critical role in chewing and speech.

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Maxilla

The upper jaw, supporting the upper teeth and contributing to the facial structure.

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Buccinator

A muscle within the cheek, helps with chewing and sucking.

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Mastication Muscles

A group of muscles that work together to chew food.

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Oral Tongue

The anterior portion of the tongue, responsible for fine movements like articulating sounds.

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Intrinsic Muscles of the Tongue

The muscles inside the tongue that help with its shape and movement.

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Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue

The muscles that attach to the tongue from outside, allowing for a wider range of movement.

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Nasopharynx

The uppermost part of the pharynx, extending from the base of the skull to the soft palate.

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Oropharynx

The middle part of the pharynx, extending from the soft palate to the valleculae.

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Hypopharynx

The lowest part of the pharynx, extending from the hyoid bone to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage.

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Valleculae

A small, triangular depression located between the base of the tongue and the epiglottis.

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Laryngeal vestibule

The entrance to the larynx, located above the vocal folds.

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Pyriform sinus

A small, pear-shaped space on either side of the larynx, between the esophagus and the thyroid cartilage.

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Upper esophageal sphincter (UES)

The upper opening of the esophagus, composed of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor, cricopharyngeus, and proximal esophageal muscles.

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Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

The lower opening of the esophagus, located at the junction of the esophagus and stomach.

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Study Notes

Anatomy of Swallowing Mechanism

  • Normal swallowing involves both voluntary and reflexive components, occurring roughly 600 times per day in adults.
  • Normal swallowing takes less than 2 seconds to move bolus from oral cavity to esophagus.
  • This process requires at least six cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII), the first three cervical nerves, and the swallowing center in the medulla oblongata.
  • Aspiration, the entry of food into the lungs, can sometimes occur without significant negative effects. Current research suggests it can be part of normal physiology. This material is usually cleared by normal airway defenses.

Oral Cavity

  • Lips, including the orbicularis oris muscle
  • Mandible (lower jaw)
  • Maxilla (upper jaw)
  • Buccinator (facial) muscles
  • Mastication muscles (temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid)
  • Teeth
  • Floor of the mouth (mylohyoid, geniohyoid, anterior belly of digastric muscle)

Nasopharynx

  • Pharyngeal segment from base of skull to soft palate
  • Superior pharyngeal constrictor

Oropharynx

  • Pharyngeal segment from soft palate to valleculae
  • Hyoid bone
  • Base of tongue
  • Epiglottis
  • Valleculae
  • Middle pharyngeal constrictors
  • Lateral and posterior pharyngeal walls

Hypopharynx

  • Pharyngeal segment from hyoid bone to cricoid cartilage
  • This section includes the larynx and esophagus

Larynx

  • Aryepiglottic folds
  • Laryngeal vestibule
  • False vocal folds
  • True vocal folds
  • Arytenoids
  • Pyriform/Puriform sinus
  • Inferior pharyngeal constrictors
  • Cricopharyngeal muscle (C6 level)
  • Cricoid cartilage (important structure in the larynx)

Esophagus

  • Upper esophageal sphincter (UES)
  • Inferior pharyngeal constrictor, cricopharyngeus, and proximal esophageal muscles
  • Esophagus
  • Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

Neural Control

  • Cranial nerves (CNs V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII) involved in swallowing process
  • Cervical nerves (C1-C3) as well, controlling related muscles
  • Swallowing center in the medulla oblongata (brainstem)

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Anatomy of Swallowing Mechanism PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the swallowing mechanism and its anatomy with this engaging quiz. Discover the average swallowing frequency, the role of various structures involved, and important functions related to deglutition. Perfect for students studying human anatomy or related fields.

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