Anatomy of Swallowing Mechanism PDF

ANATOMY OF SWALLOWING MECHANISM Text: Leonard & Kendall, chapter 1 NORMAL SWALLOW ________________________________ Each swallow process consists of both voluntary and reflex components, _____________________________...

ANATOMY OF SWALLOWING MECHANISM Text: Leonard & Kendall, chapter 1 NORMAL SWALLOW ________________________________ Each swallow process consists of both voluntary and reflex components, ________________________________ performed an average of 600 times per day in normal adults. ________________________________ Normal deglutition takes less than 2 seconds to pass the bolus from the oral ________________________________ cavity to the esophagus. ________________________________ The completion of this act requires the participation of at least six cranial nerves ________________________________ (i.e., CNs V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII), the first three cervical nerve segments, and the ________________________________ swallowing center in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. ________________________________ Aspiration may occasionally occur without causing severe adverse effects. ________________________________ Current research studies have shown aspiration as a common event that may lie ________________________________ within the spectrum of normal physiology. The aspirated material is cleared by ________________________________ normal airway or parenchymal defenses without overt clinical symptoms. ________________________________ A. Oral cavity: Lips to the nasopharynx. ________________________________ Lips:  Orbicularis oris ________________________________ Mandible (lower jaw) ________________________________ Maxilla (upper jaw) Buccinator (face) ________________________________ Mastication muscles:  Temporalis ________________________________  Masseter  Medial pterygoid ________________________________  Lateral pterygoid ________________________________ Teeth The floor of the mouth: ________________________________  Mylohyoid  Geniohyoid ________________________________  Anterior belly of digastric m. MSLP 5009: Swallowing Disorders Page 1 © 2025 Fang-Ling Lu, Ph.D., CCC-SLP Not to be reproduced or distributed without written consent.  Tongue: Oral tongue (tip, blade, back) and ________________________________ the base of the tongue Intrinsic ________________________________  Superior longitudinal  Transversus ________________________________  Verticalis  Inferior longitudinal ________________________________ Extrinsic  Genioglossus ________________________________  Hyoglossus  Palatoglossus ________________________________  Styloglossus Roof the mouth: ________________________________  Hard palate  Soft palate (velum): Levator veli ________________________________ palatini, tensor veli palatini  Uvula: Muscular uvulae ________________________________ Anterior faucial arch: ________________________________  Palatoglossus Posterior faucial arch: ________________________________  Palatopharyngeus Palatine tonsils ________________________________ Anterior sulci ________________________________ Lateral sulci ________________________________ B. Nasopharynx: Pharyngeal segment from the base of the skull to the soft palate. ________________________________ Superior pharyngeal constrictor ________________________________ C. Oropharynx: Pharyngeal segment from the soft palate to valleculae. ________________________________ Hyoid bone Base of tongue ________________________________ Epiglottis ________________________________ Valleculae Middle pharyngeal constrictors ________________________________ Lateral and posterior pharyngeal walls ________________________________ D. Hypopharynx: Pharyngeal segment from the hyoid bone to the inferior border of the ________________________________ cricoid cartilage. ________________________________ MSLP 5009: Swallowing Disorders Page 2 © 2025 Fang-Ling Lu, Ph.D., CCC-SLP Not to be reproduced or distributed without written consent.  Larynx ________________________________  Aryepiglottic folds  Laryngeal vestibule ________________________________  False vocal folds  True vocal folds ________________________________  Arytenoids ________________________________ Pyriform/Puriform sinus Inferior pharyngeal constrictors ________________________________ Cricopharyngeal muscle (C6 level) ________________________________ E. Esophagus The upper esophageal sphincter (UES): ________________________________ Inferior pharyngeal constrictor, cricopharyngeus, and proximal ________________________________ esophageal mm. Esophagus ________________________________ The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) ________________________________ F. Neural control ________________________________ CNs (V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII) C1-C3 (innervates sternohyoid, omohyoid, ________________________________ and sternothyroid; both geniohyoid and thyrohyoid are controlled by CN XII and ________________________________ C1 combined) Swallowing center in the medulla ________________________________ oblongata (brainstem) ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ MSLP 5009: Swallowing Disorders Page 3 © 2025 Fang-Ling Lu, Ph.D., CCC-SLP Not to be reproduced or distributed without written consent. MSLP 5009: Swallowing Disorders Page 4 © 2025 Fang-Ling Lu, Ph.D., CCC-SLP Not to be reproduced or distributed without written consent.