Sustainable Livelihood Systems Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of a livelihood?

A livelihood is a 'means to living'.

A sustainable livelihood is considered inherently unsustainable in the face of stresses and shocks.

False

What is rural livelihood diversification?

Rural livelihood diversification is the process by which rural households build a diverse range of activities and assets to improve their living standards.

What is the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) designed to do? (Select all that apply)

<p>It analyzes the vulnerabilities to shocks and stresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'urban areas' typically refer to?

<p>Urban areas are defined as areas where modernization has taken place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Livelihood is often linked to an individual's job, but not their lifestyle.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of urban livelihoods that fall into the category of 'street workers'?

<p>Examples include ice-cream sellers, vegetable vendors, and rickshaw pullers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Street workers are typically formally employed and have permanent shops.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Many street workers migrate from rural areas to urban areas seeking better economic opportunities.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates self-employed businesses from other types of businesses?

<p>Self-employed businesses are run by individuals who establish their own organizations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-employed businesses are solely categorized into the organized sector, not the unorganized sector.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Organized sector workers typically earn hourly wages.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of perks can organized sector workers receive that factory laborers may not?

<p>Perks like medical insurance, retirement plans, and paid leaves are often offered to organized sector workers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Jobs in the organized sector are generally in high demand due to the benefits and stability they offer.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Factory workers are always formally employed.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic that defines rural livelihoods?

<p>Rural livelihoods involve the engagement of the rural population in various economically productive occupations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prominent activity traditionally associated with rural livelihoods?

<p>Agriculture and its allied occupations serve as the hallmark of rural livelihoods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which are examples of major livelihood activities in rural areas? (Select all that apply)

<p>Cultivation of crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

Urbanization and industrialization are absent in rural areas.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some emerging occupations in rural livelihoods?

<p>Emerging occupations include export-oriented organic farming, horticulture, and floriculture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rural and urban livelihoods are completely isolated from each other.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rise of smart cities is solely attributed to the abandonment of rural areas.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The division of non-agricultural occupations between rural and urban areas is well-defined and justified.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main components of a rural livelihood as depicted in the diagram?

<p>The diagram presents a rural livelihood as a source of income, with components of agriculture, non-farm activities, and sustainable livelihoods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary economic activity carried out by agriculture labourers in rural areas.

<p>Agriculture labourers work as labour in fields and receive daily wages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Agriculture labourers in India own two-fifths of the total rural land.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Agriculture labourers are rarely exploited by richer farmers.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Farmers are the only group in rural areas that cultivate their own land.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eighty percent of farmers own large plots of land and are self-sufficient.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Farmers are not at risk of debt, as they earn enough to survive.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Farmers with other sources of income are always wealthy from those other sources.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Farmers with other sources of income often migrate to cities to seek higher wages.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rich farmers and landowners constitute the majority of rural populations.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

People in rural areas often work for the rich farmers and landowners due to a lack of other options.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are examples of other service providers found in rural areas? (Select all that apply)

<p>Barbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Other service providers in rural areas are mostly employed under government institutions.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most important factor in rural livelihood is personal interest and motivation.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rural population constantly shifts from primary to secondary and tertiary sectors of occupations.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The government should discourage organic farming and focus on traditional agricultural practices.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Social factors are often the primary reason for choosing a rural livelihood.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Government agencies must prioritize individual aspirations over social stability.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Land resources in rural areas have no impact on rural livelihood.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Landless agricultural labourers only migrate to urban areas for temporary employment.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Agricultural operations are always year-round, offering consistent income.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lack of land ownership limits opportunities for agricultural labourers in rural areas.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rural areas are exempt from caste-based influences, creating a level playing field for all.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Religion has no influence on rural livelihoods.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Geographical factors only affect agricultural activities, not rural livelihood as a whole.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Climatic conditions are always predictable, allowing for precise planning in rural livelihoods.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rural livelihoods should never impact the ecological balance.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tribal livelihoods are often less eco-friendly than urban livelihoods.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Deforestation is considered to be a positive impact on rural livelihoods.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Teaching farmers about organic farming is essential for sustainable rural livelihoods.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rural and urban societies are similar in their complexity and ways of living

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Urban societies are known for their high social mobility and frequent job changes.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rural families typically have stronger connections and influence compared to urban families.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Urban societies encourage quick changes and adaption, while rural societies typically maintain slower changes.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cultural heritage in urban societies is more pronounced compared to rural societies.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Both rural and urban societies place equal importance on specialization and division of labor.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Women in urban societies have traditionally enjoyed higher status and respect compared to rural societies.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Urban dwellers highly value natural surroundings and dedicate time to appreciating nature.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Urban dwellers are often more materialistic, focused on career advancements and financial gain.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Both rural and urban environments provide equal opportunities for work and income generation.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Farming Based Livelihood Systems

  • Livelihood is defined as a 'means to living'
  • A livelihood comprises assets (natural, physical, human, financial, and social capital), activities, and access to these (mediated by institutions and social relations)
  • These factors determine the living gained by individuals or households. (Chambers and Conway, 1992)
  • A sustainable livelihood can cope with stresses, maintain capabilities and assets without harming the natural resource base.

Livelihood Definition and Concepts

  • Livelihood is described by various terms, including making a living, supporting a family, or employment.
  • Humans inherently develop and implement strategies to ensure their survival.
  • The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) views livelihoods as systems. This framework helps to understand:
    • The assets people draw upon
    • The strategies they use to make a living
    • The context in which a livelihood is developed
    • The factors that make a livelihood vulnerable or resilient to shocks and stresses

Urban Livelihood

  • Urban areas are defined as regions where modernization occurred.
  • Urban areas have a large population. (e.g., Bangalore, New Delhi, Mumbai)
  • Livelihood, in urban context, refers to the lifestyle or occupation of an individual.

Types of Urban Livelihoods

  • Street workers: Self-employed individuals (e.g., ice-cream sellers, vegetable vendors, rickshaw pullers) who operate from temporary locations. Often migrate from rural areas to earn income.
  • Self-employed businesses: Individuals who establish their own businesses (e.g., clothing stores, cafes, medicine shops). These businesses may be in the organized or unorganized sector, and some may achieve significant wealth.
  • Organized sector workers: Professionals like civil engineers, doctors, and marketing managers often earn maximum salaries in urban areas. They usually have employment benefits, like insurance and retirement plans.
  • Factory workers: Often unofficially employed individuals in factories. They work under the employer's discretion and may earn a limited income.

Rural Livelihood

  • Rural livelihood encompasses the engagement of rural populations in diverse, income-generating activities.
  • Primarily characterized by agriculture and related occupations.
  • Major activities include farming, cattle rearing, dairying, and related industries.
  • Rural livelihood is impacted by gradual urbanization and industrialization.

Emerging Rural Livelihoods

  • Other occupations include activities such as export-oriented organic farming, horticulture, and floriculture, which are increasingly important for rural incomes.
  • Rural and urban livelihoods are interconnected both intentionally and unintentionally.
  • Often new towns and cities emerge from developed villages, which highlights the transition undergoing.

Types of Rural Livelihoods

  • Agriculture laborers: Work in fields and are employed with daily wage. They compose a significant portion of the rural population and do not own land.
  • Farmers: Independently cultivate land and retain profits. However, most have smallholdings and require additional income sources like poultry or dairy. Many farmers experience debt due to their reliance on loans to operate.
  • Farmers with Other Sources: Some farmers supplement their income by working in nearby mills/factories, selling by-products, or occasionally working in urban areas as wage laborers.
  • Rich Farmers/Landowners: A minority group which holds substantial land in rural areas. These farmers hire laborers, sometimes operate exploitative practices, and sometimes own nearby mills or factories.
  • Other Service Providers: Village professionals like barbers, nurses, or teachers, who may be self-employed or employed by government institutions.

Factors Affecting Rural Livelihood

  • Personal Factors: Interest, motivation, and skills of individuals determine involvement in rural pursuits (agriculture).
  • Social Factors: Caste, gender, and family background impact opportunities and social expectations related to work.
  • Economic Factors: Inheritance of wealth and land affects access to opportunities. Landless laborers often migrate between rural and urban areas, seeking work related to agricultural seasons.
  • Cultural Factors: Caste, traditions, and norms play a significant role in choosing a profession.
  • Geographical Factors: Soil types, water availability, elevation affects activities dependent on the land (e.g., farming).
  • Climate Factors: Weather conditions (e.g., monsoons, floods, droughts) impact agricultural activities and livelihood.
  • Ecological Factors: Practices must not endanger the ecological balance, and appropriate ways to minimize damage to vital resources must be used.

Difference Between Rural and Urban Livelihoods

  • Rural societies (pre-industrial) have simple lives, homogeneity of status, and significant family roles.
  • Urban societies (industrial) have complex lives, often diverse cultures based on social statuses, and more mobility.

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Farming Based Livelihood Systems PDF

Description

Explore the intricate concepts behind sustainable livelihoods in this quiz. Understand the essential components that contribute to a person's means of living and the underlying strategies that ensure survival. Join in to assess your knowledge on how livelihoods can be maintained sustainably without depleting natural resources.

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