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Majority of these workers briefly migrate from rural areas to earn money for a living and provide for their ______.
Majority of these workers briefly migrate from rural areas to earn money for a living and provide for their ______.
family
Businesses categorized into the organized sector and ______ sector.
Businesses categorized into the organized sector and ______ sector.
unorganized
Most of the urban livelihood falls into this category of working professionals, such as civil engineers, doctors, and marketing ______.
Most of the urban livelihood falls into this category of working professionals, such as civil engineers, doctors, and marketing ______.
managers
Factory workers are solely unofficially employed individuals for urban ______ occupation.
Factory workers are solely unofficially employed individuals for urban ______ occupation.
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The hallmark of rural livelihood is ______ and allied occupations.
The hallmark of rural livelihood is ______ and allied occupations.
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Emerging occupations in rural livelihood include export oriented organic farming and ______.
Emerging occupations in rural livelihood include export oriented organic farming and ______.
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There is a close connection and collaboration between rural and urban ______.
There is a close connection and collaboration between rural and urban ______.
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Knowingly or unknowingly we are following an urban model of economic ______.
Knowingly or unknowingly we are following an urban model of economic ______.
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A livelihoods comprises the assets (Natural, Physical, Human, Financial and ______) Capital.
A livelihoods comprises the assets (Natural, Physical, Human, Financial and ______) Capital.
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A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets, while not undermining the natural resource ______.
A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets, while not undermining the natural resource ______.
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Rural livelihood diversification is the process by which rural households construct an increasingly diverse portfolio of ______ and assets.
Rural livelihood diversification is the process by which rural households construct an increasingly diverse portfolio of ______ and assets.
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The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework views livelihoods as ______ and provides a way to understand various aspects of making a living.
The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework views livelihoods as ______ and provides a way to understand various aspects of making a living.
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Urban areas are defined as areas where ______ took place.
Urban areas are defined as areas where ______ took place.
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Different types of urban livelihoods include street workers such as ice-cream sellers and ______ vendors.
Different types of urban livelihoods include street workers such as ice-cream sellers and ______ vendors.
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These street workers are recognized as self-employed ______ who do not work in permanent shops.
These street workers are recognized as self-employed ______ who do not work in permanent shops.
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Their occupation is carried out from ______ and anywhere.
Their occupation is carried out from ______ and anywhere.
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Agriculture labourers in rural areas work as labour in __________ and get daily wages.
Agriculture labourers in rural areas work as labour in __________ and get daily wages.
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Eighty percent of farmers have very small __________ and need to depend on other sources of income.
Eighty percent of farmers have very small __________ and need to depend on other sources of income.
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Rich farmers are a very small percentage in rural areas and own most of the __________.
Rich farmers are a very small percentage in rural areas and own most of the __________.
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Farmers who cannot earn enough from their lands may work in __________ or sell milk.
Farmers who cannot earn enough from their lands may work in __________ or sell milk.
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Many agriculture labourers are exploited by __________ farmers.
Many agriculture labourers are exploited by __________ farmers.
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Some farmers also seasonally go to cities or towns to work as __________.
Some farmers also seasonally go to cities or towns to work as __________.
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The dependence on money lenders for seeds and fertilisers puts farmers at great risk of being in __________.
The dependence on money lenders for seeds and fertilisers puts farmers at great risk of being in __________.
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Rural livelihoods as a source of __________ are critical for the community's survival.
Rural livelihoods as a source of __________ are critical for the community's survival.
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Barbers, nurses, and village teachers are examples of ______ professionals.
Barbers, nurses, and village teachers are examples of ______ professionals.
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The primary economic activity in rural areas includes cultivation, dairying, and ______ farming.
The primary economic activity in rural areas includes cultivation, dairying, and ______ farming.
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A gradual trend in rural employment is the shift from the primary sector to secondary and ______ sectors.
A gradual trend in rural employment is the shift from the primary sector to secondary and ______ sectors.
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Social factors in rural livelihood can include demographic, gender, family, and ______ factors.
Social factors in rural livelihood can include demographic, gender, family, and ______ factors.
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Inheritance of wealth and land resources are considered important ______ factors in rural livelihood.
Inheritance of wealth and land resources are considered important ______ factors in rural livelihood.
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Landless agricultural laborers often fluctuate between rural and urban ______ seasonally.
Landless agricultural laborers often fluctuate between rural and urban ______ seasonally.
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Maintaining a balance between social change and social ______ is a challenging task in rural livelihood.
Maintaining a balance between social change and social ______ is a challenging task in rural livelihood.
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Personal interest and motivation are the most important ______ factors in rural livelihood.
Personal interest and motivation are the most important ______ factors in rural livelihood.
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They prefer to migrate seasonally to urban areas and engage in non-agricultural labour in the ______ and manufacturing houses.
They prefer to migrate seasonally to urban areas and engage in non-agricultural labour in the ______ and manufacturing houses.
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Cultural factors in the rural areas are mainly concerned with ______ factors.
Cultural factors in the rural areas are mainly concerned with ______ factors.
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Religion is another important cultural factor which has significant influence upon rural ______.
Religion is another important cultural factor which has significant influence upon rural ______.
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Geographic factors include the type of soil, availability of water, distance from the sea, and the height from the ______.
Geographic factors include the type of soil, availability of water, distance from the sea, and the height from the ______.
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Climatic factors include the possibility of monsoon rainfall, wind, cyclone or flood conditions, and the severity of ______ and summer.
Climatic factors include the possibility of monsoon rainfall, wind, cyclone or flood conditions, and the severity of ______ and summer.
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Rural livelihood should not affect the ecological balance or endanger the ______.
Rural livelihood should not affect the ecological balance or endanger the ______.
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People need to engage in such economic activities that would protect the environment or inflict minimum damage to the natural ______.
People need to engage in such economic activities that would protect the environment or inflict minimum damage to the natural ______.
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From an ecological perspective, tribal livelihood options are most ______ and the urban livelihood options are the least eco-friendly.
From an ecological perspective, tribal livelihood options are most ______ and the urban livelihood options are the least eco-friendly.
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Deforestation, soil erosion and water contamination are often cited as harmful impacts of agricultural and allied activities, including the use of ______.
Deforestation, soil erosion and water contamination are often cited as harmful impacts of agricultural and allied activities, including the use of ______.
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Life in a rural society is very ______, reflected in the way of living, dressing, and food habits.
Life in a rural society is very ______, reflected in the way of living, dressing, and food habits.
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In an urban society, occupational mobility is ______ as well as frequent.
In an urban society, occupational mobility is ______ as well as frequent.
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In rural areas, the family played a very ______ and significant role.
In rural areas, the family played a very ______ and significant role.
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In rural society, there is no fast ______ and thus no mobility and adaptability.
In rural society, there is no fast ______ and thus no mobility and adaptability.
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In urban communities, there is always a division of labour and ______ in job allotment.
In urban communities, there is always a division of labour and ______ in job allotment.
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People in rural societies loved nature and were often more ______ minded.
People in rural societies loved nature and were often more ______ minded.
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The cities provide both incentive and ______ for advancement.
The cities provide both incentive and ______ for advancement.
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Study Notes
Livelihood: Definition, Concept and Pattern in Urban & Rural Areas
- Livelihood is defined as the means to living, encompassing assets (natural, physical, human, financial, and social capital), activities, and access to those, mediated by social relations.
- Sustainable livelihood: A livelihood is considered sustainable when it can adapt and recover from stresses, maintaining or enhancing its assets and capabilities without depleting the natural resource base.
- Rural livelihood diversification: A process where rural households build diverse activities and assets, to improve their livelihoods.
- Rural livelihood is the engagement of the rural population in economically productive occupations, primarily agriculture and allied occupations.
- Major rural livelihood activities: Cultivation of food and cash crops, fish farming, cattle rearing, dairying, food processing, and wood industries.
- Urban areas are places with modernization, a vast population, where livelihood is the lifestyle or occupation of the individual.
- Urban livelihoods:
- Street workers (e.g., ice-cream sellers, vegetable vendors, rickshaw pullers) are self-employed and don't have permanent shops. Many migrate from rural areas.
- Self-employed businesses (e.g., cloth stores, cafes, medicine shops) are organized as individual businesses.
- Organized sector workers (e.g., civil engineers, doctors, marketing managers) earn high salaries and usually have employment benefits.
- Factory workers have informal employment and earn low wages.
Factors Affecting Rural Livelihood
- Personal factors: Individual interest, motivation, and desire to continue in the primary sector like cultivation, or shift to more secondary or tertiary options.
- Social factors: Demographic (age, gender), family, educational level, caste, and class create traditional and social livelihood obligations and opportunities.
- Economic factors: Inheritance of wealth and land, or lack thereof, affects opportunities, forcing many laborers to seasonally migrate for work. Seasonal nature of agriculture also impacts livelihood options.
- Cultural factors: Caste systems and cultural expectations limit choices and lead to potentially imbalanced opportunities in rural livelihoods.
- Religious factors: Religious beliefs can play a significant role, sometimes influencing livelihood choices or creating challenges for people.
- Geographical factors: Climate, soil type, water availability, and proximity to the sea affect agricultural activities and rural livelihoods.
- Climatic factors: Weather patterns influence the cropping patterns, rotation of crops and agricultural schedules.
- Ecological factors: Rural livelihoods should consider environmental sustainability, avoiding depletion of resources, pollution, etc.
- Government and civil society organizations: Have to take steps to promote both social and economic factors in rural livelihoods.
Difference Between Rural and Urban Livelihoods
- Rural (pre-industrial): Simple living, similar social structures, family is significant, limited occupational mobility.
- Urban (industrial): Complex, varied social structures, less family emphasis, high occupational mobility. Rural livelihoods frequently shift between urban areas for work.
- The table in the document clearly details differences in social structure, family-centric roles, cultural norms, occupational mobility and economic opportunities.
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Description
Explore the definition, concepts, and patterns of livelihoods in both urban and rural settings. Understand the importance of sustainable livelihoods and the diversification of rural livelihoods through various activities. This quiz covers key aspects of how different populations engage in productive occupations and manage resources.
