Surgery Procedures Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the name of the landmark for caudal anesthesia?

Intercristal line
Sacral hiatus (correct)
Sacral Cornua
Superior illiac crest

What is the level of the posterior iliac crest?

S2 (correct)
S4
S1
S3

What is the shape of the sacrum?

Rectangular
Oval
Triangular (correct)
Circular

What is the function of the sacrococcygeal ligament?

Fuses S5 and the coccyx (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the line that passes through the summit of the iliac crest?

Intercristal line (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the lamina of S5?

It is incomplete and bridged by ligaments (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is located at the base of the sacrum?

Sacral hiatus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is fused with the sacrum?

Coccyx (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of local anesthetic on neural transmission in the spinal cord?

It inhibits neural transmission in the superficial layers. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical relevance of a 70-year-old patient needing a hip replacement in relation to spinal anesthesia?

The dose of local anesthetic needs to be lowered. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the block height in spinal or epidural anesthesia?

The spread of local anesthetic in the spinal or epidural space. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of spinal anesthesia?

Leakage of local anesthetic into the paravertebral area. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location where local anesthetic can leak through?

The intervertebral foramen. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the type of anesthesia being discussed?

Spinal anesthesia. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of local anesthetic on the superficial layers of the spinal cord?

It inhibits neural transmission. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor that affects the distribution of local anesthetic?

The age and medical condition of the patient. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of surgical procedures are commonly performed with spinal anesthesia?

Surgical procedures involving the lower abdomen, perineum, and lower extremities (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that increases the risk of PONV?

Non-smokers (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Hippocratic Oath?

To guide medical ethics (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical dosage of propofol for induction?

1.5-2.5 mg/kg (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using propofol in combination with central neuralaxial anesthesia?

Greater mental alertness (D) Signup and view all the answers

In which type of surgery is epidural anesthesia commonly used?

Thoracic surgery (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which anesthetic gases and opioids contribute to PONV?

Release of neurotransmitters that stimulate the vomiting center (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical dosage range of propofol for maintenance anesthesia?

100-300 mcg/kg (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the epidural space?

Between the ligamentum flavum and the dura mater (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential impact of the epidural space on medication spread?

It acts as a barrier to medication spread (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the plica mediana dorsalis in epidural catheter insertion?

It is a possible reason for complications in epidural catheter insertion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the plica mediana dorsalis in unilateral blocks?

It might play a role in cases where an epidural does not equally affect both sides of the body (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct amount of catheter to leave in the epidural space?

3-5cm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the subarachnoid space?

Between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the pia mater in the subarachnoid space?

It coats the spinal cord (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the face?

Cranial nerve 5 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of sufentanil?

It travels and crosses the placenta (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the trigeminal nerve handles sensation from the forehead and scalp?

V1 - Ophthalmic Nerve (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the trigeminal nerve?

Sensory innervation of the face (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a branch of the trigeminal nerve?

V4 - Hypoglossal Nerve (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the trigeminal nerve is responsible for sensory input from the upper teeth?

V2 - Maxillary Nerve (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why does the face not use spinal nerves for sensory innervation?

No reason, the face does use spinal nerves (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of the trigeminal nerve branches?

V1, V2, V3 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the trigeminal nerve?

Sensory innervation of the face (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards are hidden until you start studying

Study Notes

Surgical Procedures

Orthopaedic surgery involves a lot of spinal procedures
Vascular surgery focuses on the legs
Thoracic surgery is an adjunct to GETA, using epidural anesthesia instead of spinal

Hippocratic Oath

"I will, according to my ability and judgment, prescribe a regimen for the health of the sick; but I will utterly reject harm and mischief"

Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)

Caused by induction medication, such as anesthetic gases and opioids
Factors that increase the risk of PONV:
- Females
- Non-smokers
- Age 40 and higher

Propofol

Drip: 100-300mcg/kg
Induction: 1.5-2.5 mg/kg
Provides great mental alertness
Can be used with central neuralaxial anesthesia

Surface Landmarks

Superior illiac crest
Intercristal or Tuffier line
S2 at the level of Posterior Iliac crest
Sacrum: a triangular-shaped section of fused vertebra (5)
S1-S4 are fused, S5 is not fused, and Sacrococcygeal ligament fuses these two

Caudal Anesthesia

Landmark: Sacral Hiatus, located at the base of the sacrum and aligns with the S5 vertebra
Covered by the Sacrococcygeal ligament
Be cautious that the catheter is still in the epidural space

Epidural Space

3-5cm of catheter is left in the epidural space
Potential impact of barrier formation on medication spread and catheter insertion
Clinical relevance: unilateral blocks and complications in placing an epidural catheter

Subarachnoid Space (Intrathecal)

Located between the arachnoid matter and the pia matter
Pia mater coats the spinal cord

Sensory Innervation of the Face

Cranial nerve 5 = trigeminal nerve
Supplies sensory innervation to the face
Branches of the Trigeminal Nerve: V1 (Ophthalmic Nerve), V2 (Maxillary Nerve)

Local Anesthetic Distribution and Block Height

Factors affecting local anesthetic distribution and block height
Clinical relevance: Spinal or intrathecal block for a 70-year-old patient needing a hip replacement, requiring a lower dose of local anesthetic

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.