Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the name of the landmark for caudal anesthesia?
What is the name of the landmark for caudal anesthesia?
What is the level of the posterior iliac crest?
What is the level of the posterior iliac crest?
What is the shape of the sacrum?
What is the shape of the sacrum?
What is the function of the sacrococcygeal ligament?
What is the function of the sacrococcygeal ligament?
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What is the name of the line that passes through the summit of the iliac crest?
What is the name of the line that passes through the summit of the iliac crest?
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What is the characteristic of the lamina of S5?
What is the characteristic of the lamina of S5?
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What is located at the base of the sacrum?
What is located at the base of the sacrum?
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What is fused with the sacrum?
What is fused with the sacrum?
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What is the effect of local anesthetic on neural transmission in the spinal cord?
What is the effect of local anesthetic on neural transmission in the spinal cord?
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What is the clinical relevance of a 70-year-old patient needing a hip replacement in relation to spinal anesthesia?
What is the clinical relevance of a 70-year-old patient needing a hip replacement in relation to spinal anesthesia?
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What determines the block height in spinal or epidural anesthesia?
What determines the block height in spinal or epidural anesthesia?
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What is a potential complication of spinal anesthesia?
What is a potential complication of spinal anesthesia?
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What is the location where local anesthetic can leak through?
What is the location where local anesthetic can leak through?
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What is the name of the type of anesthesia being discussed?
What is the name of the type of anesthesia being discussed?
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What is the effect of local anesthetic on the superficial layers of the spinal cord?
What is the effect of local anesthetic on the superficial layers of the spinal cord?
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What is a factor that affects the distribution of local anesthetic?
What is a factor that affects the distribution of local anesthetic?
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What type of surgical procedures are commonly performed with spinal anesthesia?
What type of surgical procedures are commonly performed with spinal anesthesia?
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Which of the following is a factor that increases the risk of PONV?
Which of the following is a factor that increases the risk of PONV?
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What is the primary purpose of the Hippocratic Oath?
What is the primary purpose of the Hippocratic Oath?
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What is the typical dosage of propofol for induction?
What is the typical dosage of propofol for induction?
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What is the benefit of using propofol in combination with central neuralaxial anesthesia?
What is the benefit of using propofol in combination with central neuralaxial anesthesia?
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In which type of surgery is epidural anesthesia commonly used?
In which type of surgery is epidural anesthesia commonly used?
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What is the primary mechanism by which anesthetic gases and opioids contribute to PONV?
What is the primary mechanism by which anesthetic gases and opioids contribute to PONV?
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What is the typical dosage range of propofol for maintenance anesthesia?
What is the typical dosage range of propofol for maintenance anesthesia?
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What is the location of the epidural space?
What is the location of the epidural space?
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What is the potential impact of the epidural space on medication spread?
What is the potential impact of the epidural space on medication spread?
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What is the significance of the plica mediana dorsalis in epidural catheter insertion?
What is the significance of the plica mediana dorsalis in epidural catheter insertion?
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What is the role of the plica mediana dorsalis in unilateral blocks?
What is the role of the plica mediana dorsalis in unilateral blocks?
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What is the correct amount of catheter to leave in the epidural space?
What is the correct amount of catheter to leave in the epidural space?
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What is the location of the subarachnoid space?
What is the location of the subarachnoid space?
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What is the significance of the pia mater in the subarachnoid space?
What is the significance of the pia mater in the subarachnoid space?
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Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the face?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the face?
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What is a characteristic of sufentanil?
What is a characteristic of sufentanil?
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Which branch of the trigeminal nerve handles sensation from the forehead and scalp?
Which branch of the trigeminal nerve handles sensation from the forehead and scalp?
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What is the primary function of the trigeminal nerve?
What is the primary function of the trigeminal nerve?
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Which of the following is NOT a branch of the trigeminal nerve?
Which of the following is NOT a branch of the trigeminal nerve?
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Which branch of the trigeminal nerve is responsible for sensory input from the upper teeth?
Which branch of the trigeminal nerve is responsible for sensory input from the upper teeth?
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Why does the face not use spinal nerves for sensory innervation?
Why does the face not use spinal nerves for sensory innervation?
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What is the correct sequence of the trigeminal nerve branches?
What is the correct sequence of the trigeminal nerve branches?
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Which of the following is a function of the trigeminal nerve?
Which of the following is a function of the trigeminal nerve?
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Study Notes
Surgical Procedures
- Orthopaedic surgery involves a lot of spinal procedures
- Vascular surgery focuses on the legs
- Thoracic surgery is an adjunct to GETA, using epidural anesthesia instead of spinal
Hippocratic Oath
- "I will, according to my ability and judgment, prescribe a regimen for the health of the sick; but I will utterly reject harm and mischief"
Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)
- Caused by induction medication, such as anesthetic gases and opioids
- Factors that increase the risk of PONV:
- Females
- Non-smokers
- Age 40 and higher
Propofol
- Drip: 100-300mcg/kg
- Induction: 1.5-2.5 mg/kg
- Provides great mental alertness
- Can be used with central neuralaxial anesthesia
Surface Landmarks
- Superior illiac crest
- Intercristal or Tuffier line
- S2 at the level of Posterior Iliac crest
- Sacrum: a triangular-shaped section of fused vertebra (5)
- S1-S4 are fused, S5 is not fused, and Sacrococcygeal ligament fuses these two
Caudal Anesthesia
- Landmark: Sacral Hiatus, located at the base of the sacrum and aligns with the S5 vertebra
- Covered by the Sacrococcygeal ligament
- Be cautious that the catheter is still in the epidural space
Epidural Space
- 3-5cm of catheter is left in the epidural space
- Potential impact of barrier formation on medication spread and catheter insertion
- Clinical relevance: unilateral blocks and complications in placing an epidural catheter
Subarachnoid Space (Intrathecal)
- Located between the arachnoid matter and the pia matter
- Pia mater coats the spinal cord
Sensory Innervation of the Face
- Cranial nerve 5 = trigeminal nerve
- Supplies sensory innervation to the face
- Branches of the Trigeminal Nerve: V1 (Ophthalmic Nerve), V2 (Maxillary Nerve)
Local Anesthetic Distribution and Block Height
- Factors affecting local anesthetic distribution and block height
- Clinical relevance: Spinal or intrathecal block for a 70-year-old patient needing a hip replacement, requiring a lower dose of local anesthetic
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Description
This quiz tests your knowledge of various surgical procedures involving the lower abdomen, perineum, lower extremities, orthopaedic surgery, vascular surgery, and thoracic surgery.
