Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary design feature that differentiates bipolar endoprostheses from unipolar models?
What is the primary design feature that differentiates bipolar endoprostheses from unipolar models?
- Unipolar models provide better rotational movement.
- Bipolar models have an inner head to reduce friction.
- Unipolar models utilize a plastic-lined cup.
- Bipolar models allow for reduced shear stresses on the acetabular surface. (correct)
During the process of total hip replacement, what is the correct sequence of steps for preparing the femur and acetabulum?
During the process of total hip replacement, what is the correct sequence of steps for preparing the femur and acetabulum?
- Excise femoral head, prepare femur, then prepare acetabulum.
- Prepare both femur and acetabulum simultaneously.
- Prepare acetabulum, excise femoral head, then prepare femur. (correct)
- Prepare femur, excise femoral head, then prepare acetabulum.
What is the purpose of using a guidewire during the cannulated screw insertion procedure?
What is the purpose of using a guidewire during the cannulated screw insertion procedure?
- To provide a stable pathway for precise screw placement. (correct)
- To confirm the placement of screws using fluoroscopy.
- To aid in the measurement of screw length.
- To irrigate the wound before inserting screws.
What can be used to secure the femoral head prosthesis during a total hip replacement?
What can be used to secure the femoral head prosthesis during a total hip replacement?
What type of instruments are typically included in the basic orthopedic instrument set for total hip replacement surgery?
What type of instruments are typically included in the basic orthopedic instrument set for total hip replacement surgery?
What is the primary function of ligaments in the skeletal system?
What is the primary function of ligaments in the skeletal system?
Which of the following statements about cancellous bone is correct?
Which of the following statements about cancellous bone is correct?
What role do muscles play in relation to the skeletal system?
What role do muscles play in relation to the skeletal system?
What is the epiphyseal plate's significance in long bones?
What is the epiphyseal plate's significance in long bones?
Which type of bone tissue primarily supports weight-bearing activities?
Which type of bone tissue primarily supports weight-bearing activities?
What mineral is NOT typically involved in the continuous formation and reabsorption by bone?
What mineral is NOT typically involved in the continuous formation and reabsorption by bone?
What type of connective tissue covers all bones in the body?
What type of connective tissue covers all bones in the body?
Which is NOT a role of bones within the skeletal system?
Which is NOT a role of bones within the skeletal system?
What is the primary purpose of using powered surgical instruments in orthopedic procedures?
What is the primary purpose of using powered surgical instruments in orthopedic procedures?
What is a critical precaution when using powered surgical drills?
What is a critical precaution when using powered surgical drills?
What is a potential consequence of accidental activation of a surgical drill?
What is a potential consequence of accidental activation of a surgical drill?
Why are forced-air warming blankets important in orthopedic surgery?
Why are forced-air warming blankets important in orthopedic surgery?
What should the inflation pressure of a pneumatic tourniquet not exceed for the upper extremity?
What should the inflation pressure of a pneumatic tourniquet not exceed for the upper extremity?
How should inflation time for a pneumatic tourniquet be documented?
How should inflation time for a pneumatic tourniquet be documented?
What role does the C-Arm play in orthopedic surgery?
What role does the C-Arm play in orthopedic surgery?
What is the recommended action when the maximum time limit for tourniquet inflation is reached?
What is the recommended action when the maximum time limit for tourniquet inflation is reached?
What is a fundamental reason for airflow control in an orthopedic operating room?
What is a fundamental reason for airflow control in an orthopedic operating room?
What is the appropriate overlap for cuffs when applying pneumatic tourniquets?
What is the appropriate overlap for cuffs when applying pneumatic tourniquets?
What is the role of the periosteal elevators in bone repair?
What is the role of the periosteal elevators in bone repair?
Which muscles comprise the rotator cuff in the shoulder joint?
Which muscles comprise the rotator cuff in the shoulder joint?
What forms the socket for the head of the femur in the hip joint?
What forms the socket for the head of the femur in the hip joint?
Which statement about the knee joint is accurate?
Which statement about the knee joint is accurate?
Which structure serves as a point of insertion for the iliopsoas muscle in the femur?
Which structure serves as a point of insertion for the iliopsoas muscle in the femur?
How many carpal bones are present in the wrist?
How many carpal bones are present in the wrist?
Which ligament helps reinforce the medial side of the knee capsule?
Which ligament helps reinforce the medial side of the knee capsule?
What type of joint is the ankle classified as?
What type of joint is the ankle classified as?
What structure covers all articulating surfaces of joints?
What structure covers all articulating surfaces of joints?
Which nerve extends under the wrist and is located in the palm of the hand?
Which nerve extends under the wrist and is located in the palm of the hand?
What is the primary purpose of a Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)?
What is the primary purpose of a Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)?
Which type of knee implant is most commonly used in Total Knee Arthroplasty?
Which type of knee implant is most commonly used in Total Knee Arthroplasty?
Which component is NOT typically required in the ACL reconstruction procedure?
Which component is NOT typically required in the ACL reconstruction procedure?
What type of constraint does an unconstrained prosthesis have in knee replacement?
What type of constraint does an unconstrained prosthesis have in knee replacement?
What surgical technique may be employed when there is high bone loss and instability?
What surgical technique may be employed when there is high bone loss and instability?
Which incision is necessary for harvesting the patellar tendon during ACL reconstruction?
Which incision is necessary for harvesting the patellar tendon during ACL reconstruction?
Which fixation technique is commonly used for knee implants?
Which fixation technique is commonly used for knee implants?
What is the primary function of the guide pin during ACL reconstruction?
What is the primary function of the guide pin during ACL reconstruction?
What is the main reason for the limitation of bicompartmental implants in knee surgeries?
What is the main reason for the limitation of bicompartmental implants in knee surgeries?
What aspect of knee prostheses is crucial to remember regarding their application?
What aspect of knee prostheses is crucial to remember regarding their application?
Study Notes
Orthopedic Surgery Overview
- Orthopedic surgery focuses on disorders of the musculoskeletal system, utilizing technology to improve patient outcomes.
- Knowledge of bone and tissue fixation principles is essential for perioperative nurses.
Anatomy of the Skeletal System
- Comprises 206 bones forming the axial and appendicular skeleton, providing structural support, movement, and blood cell formation.
- Bone continuously remodels, absorbing calcium, Vitamin D, and phosphorus.
- Key structures include muscles (movement), ligaments (bone connection and joint stability), tendons (force transmission), cartilage (support), and joints (bone articulation).
Bone Tissue Types
- Cortical Bone: Dense outer layer providing structural integrity.
- Cancellous Bone: Soft, spongy tissue found in specific areas such as the iliac crest and ends of long bones, housing red bone marrow.
Joint Anatomy
- Shoulder: Ball and socket joint formed by the rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis).
- Wrist and Hand: Comprise 8 carpals, 14 metacarpals, and phalanges; median nerve runs through the palm.
- Hip: Formed by the ilium, pubis, ischium, and acetabulum, connecting to the femur; features greater and lesser trochanters.
- Knee: Contains two primary articulations; reinforced by collateral ligaments (MCL, LCL) and cruciate ligaments (ACL, PCL).
- Ankle: Hinge joint formed by tibia and fibula.
Orthopedic Surgical Equipment
- Powered Surgical Instruments: Reduce manual effort; must be secured to prevent accidental activation.
- Forced-Air Warming Blankets: Prevent hypothermia due to exposure.
- Operating Room Tables: Specialized for various orthopedic procedures, e.g., fracture tables.
- Radiography: Used for imaging during surgery; C-Arm facilitates real-time visualization.
- Pneumatic Tourniquets: Used to establish a bloodless field, with careful attention to inflation pressures and duration.
Surgical Procedures Considerations
- Diagnostic Arthroscopy: For meniscal tears and ACL reconstruction; involves inserting guide pins and sutures to repair ligaments.
- Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA): Replaces worn knee surfaces due to arthritis, improving joint mobility; types of implants include unicompartmental, bicompartmental, and tricompartmental.
- Total Hip Replacement (THR): Replaces the femoral head using unipolar or bipolar designs; emphasizes symmetrical leg length during bilateral replacements.
Specific Surgical Techniques
- Knee Surgery: Involves guidewire placement, cannulated screws, and confirmation via fluoroscopy.
- Hip Surgery: First prepares the acetabulum, followed by the femur, ensuring proper fit and stability with or without bone cement.
Spine Surgery
- Common in the lumbar and cervical regions, addressing injuries and degenerative conditions.
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Description
Test your knowledge of orthopedic and spine surgery with this quiz based on Module 19. Each question covers essential anatomy, procedural considerations, and specific equipment critical to orthopedic practices. Prepare to reinforce your understanding of the surgical principles outlined in your readings.
