Surgical Procedures and Bone Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is Hemiarthroplasty?

Bone holding clamp
Medium of communication in anatomy
Surgical replacement of the proximal femur or proximal humerus (correct)
Type of regional anesthesia

Which ligament is most frequently torn?

Anterior cruciate (correct)
Lateral collateral
Medial collateral
Posterior cruciate

What does Exostosis refer to?

Excessive growth of bone

What is a Ganglion?

Benign cyst commonly found on the dorsal wrist (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the Bankhart procedure used for?

Recurrent shoulder dislocation Signup and view all the answers

What is Bier anaesthesia?

Type of regional anesthesia in which a double cuffed tourniquet is used Signup and view all the answers

What is an Ender?

Type of intramedullary nail Signup and view all the answers

What is Osteotomy?

Surgical cutting of bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the Iliac crest commonly used for?

Autogenous bone graft Signup and view all the answers

What is a Pneumatic device?

Type of tourniquet Signup and view all the answers

What is ORIF?

Type of reduction Signup and view all the answers

What is a Colles fracture?

Transverse fracture Signup and view all the answers

What is a Saw used for in surgery?

To cut apart bone Signup and view all the answers

What type of screw is a Cancellous screw?

Self-tapping type of screw Signup and view all the answers

What is X-ray used for?

To assess fracture reduction Signup and view all the answers

What is an Austin Moore?

Monopolar hip prosthesis Signup and view all the answers

What does Electrolytic refer to?

Chemical reaction caused by the mixing of metals Signup and view all the answers

What is Fowler position used for?

Shoulder surgery Signup and view all the answers

What is Methylmethacrylate?

Bone cement Signup and view all the answers

What does Sequestrum refer to?

Separated pieces of dead bone Signup and view all the answers

What does Subluxation mean?

Partial dislocation Signup and view all the answers

What is Rheumatoid arthritis?

Autoimmune disease which causes joint inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is a Lane used for?

Bone holding clamp Signup and view all the answers

What is the median nerve related to?

Compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What does comminuted mean?

Complete fracture in which there are more than 2 fragments Signup and view all the answers

What is a driver used for?

To insert nails Signup and view all the answers

What does osteoarthritis refer to?

Degenerative joint disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a tourniquet used for?

To keep the operative field free from blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the probe used for?

To explore the knee for pathology during arthroscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is an intertrochanteric fracture?

Fracture common in elderly Signup and view all the answers

What is bucks in orthopedic terms?

Type of skin traction Signup and view all the answers

What is a greenstick fracture?

Incomplete fracture, partially bent, partially broken Signup and view all the answers

What is Hallux valgus?

Bunion Signup and view all the answers

What is a Gelpi?

Retriever used in open repair of torn rotator cuff Signup and view all the answers

What does Non-absorbable mean in terms of sutures?

Type of suture used in repair of muscles and ligaments of the shoulder Signup and view all the answers

What is a Weitlaner used for?

Retriever used in carpal tunnel surgery Signup and view all the answers

What is a cast?

Rigid dressing used to fixate a fracture Signup and view all the answers

What is epinephrine used for?

Added to irrigation for shoulder arthroscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is a rasp used for?

Used to smooth rough bone surface Signup and view all the answers

What is bone wax used for?

Promotes hemostasis of bone Signup and view all the answers

What is an osteotome?

Chisel Signup and view all the answers

What is a drill used for?

Used to insert screws Signup and view all the answers

What is the Bennett retractor used for?

Common retractor used in ORIF of hip using a lag screw and compression plate Signup and view all the answers

What is an allograft?

Bone graft obtained from a cadaver Signup and view all the answers

What is a Charnley?

Hip retractor Signup and view all the answers

What is a spica cast?

Casting of the trunk and one or both legs Signup and view all the answers

What is a reamer used for?

Used to form a hollow area in the bone Signup and view all the answers

What is a gouge?

Instrument used to obtain a bone graft Signup and view all the answers

What is an open fracture?

A fracture in which the bone breaks the surface of the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is an olecranon?

Elbow Signup and view all the answers

What does abduction mean in anatomical terms?

Movement away from the midline Signup and view all the answers

What does a process refer to in bone anatomy?

Projection of bone, such as the malleolus Signup and view all the answers

What are trabeculae?

Columns of bone with large spaces Signup and view all the answers

What does epiphyseal plate indicate?

Line of cartilage in bone where growth occurs Signup and view all the answers

What does proximal mean?

Nearest to the area under consideration Signup and view all the answers

What is a saddle joint?

Type of joint found between trapezium and metacarpal Signup and view all the answers

What does valgus refer to in anatomy?

Bent outward Signup and view all the answers

What is cortical bone?

Bone type that forms the outer covering of bone Signup and view all the answers

What is a diaphysis?

Shaft of bone Signup and view all the answers

What is a Condyle?

Large rounded projections located medially and laterally on the femur Signup and view all the answers

What is a sesamoid bone?

Type of bone embedded in joint capsule or tendon Signup and view all the answers

What is a meniscus?

Semi-lunar cartilage of the knee Signup and view all the answers

What is a rotator cuff?

Formed by the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor Signup and view all the answers

What is an acromion?

Process of posterior scapula which articulates with the clavicle Signup and view all the answers

What does a ligament do?

Attaches bone to bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the talus bone?

Articulates with distal tibia and fibula Signup and view all the answers

What does varus mean?

Bent inward Signup and view all the answers

What is the femur?

Long bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the trapezium in anatomical terms?

Carpal bone Signup and view all the answers

What is a hinge joint?

Type of synovial joint that allows flexion and extension Signup and view all the answers

What is diarthrosis?

Freely movable joint Signup and view all the answers

What does acetabulum form?

Socket for the femur Signup and view all the answers

What does distal mean?

Farther away from an area under consideration Signup and view all the answers

What is the pelvic girdle's function?

Supports the trunk and provides attachment for lower extremities Signup and view all the answers

What does hemopoiesis refer to?

Blood cell formation Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is flat?

Type of bone that protects soft body parts Signup and view all the answers

What does cruciate mean in anatomical terms?

Extends posteriorly and anteriorly in the knee Signup and view all the answers

What is the patella?

Sesamoid bone that lies within the quadriceps tendon Signup and view all the answers

What are osteoblasts?

Bone building cells Signup and view all the answers

What does volar refer to?

The palmar surface Signup and view all the answers

What does a tendon do?

Attaches muscle to bone Signup and view all the answers

What does a bursa do?

Small fluid-filled sac that prevents friction at the joint Signup and view all the answers

What is periosteum?

Fibrous covering on outside of bones Signup and view all the answers

What are osteoclasts?

Cells responsible for bone resorption Signup and view all the answers

What is Synarthrosis?

Immovable joint such as the sutures of skull Signup and view all the answers

What are Haversian canals?

Canals in bone which contain an arteriole, venule, and nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is a fossa?

Shallow depression in bone Signup and view all the answers

What does glenoid form?

Socket for humerus Signup and view all the answers

What is red marrow involved in?

Blood formation Signup and view all the answers

What is yellow marrow?

Inactive and fatty type of marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is cancellous bone?

Spongy bone found at end of long bones and the center of other bones Signup and view all the answers

What does pronate mean?

To turn the palm of the hand down Signup and view all the answers

What are Volkmann canals?

Canals which connect Haversian systems Signup and view all the answers

What does flexion refer to?

Condition of being bent Signup and view all the answers

What is remodeling in bone terms?

Formation of new bone Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle is cardiac?

Striated but involuntary Signup and view all the answers

What does axial refer to in anatomy?

Skeletal structures including the head, neck, back, and chest Signup and view all the answers

What does granulation mean in a healing context?

Process of healing or forming scar tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the epiphysis of a bone?

End of long bone Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Surgical Procedures and Anatomy Terms

Hemiarthroplasty: Surgical procedure replacing proximal femur or humerus.
Osteotomy: Involves surgical cutting of bone for realignment or correction.
Bankhart Procedure: Addresses recurrent shoulder dislocation.
ORIF (Open Reduction Internal Fixation): Surgical method for fracture realignment using internal devices.

Types of Bone and Fractures

Cancellous Bone: Spongy bone located at the end of long bones and in the center of others.
Comminuted Fracture: A fracture with more than two bone fragments.
Transverse Fracture (Colles Fracture): A straight cross-section break across the bone.
Greenstick Fracture: Incomplete fracture that bends without breaking completely.
Intertrochanteric Fracture: Common in the elderly, affects the femur.

Bone and Joint Components

Meniscus: Semilunar cartilage located in the knee joint.
Acetabulum: Socket in the pelvis for the femur.
Condyle: Rounded projections on the femur.
Talus: Bone that articulates with the distal tibia and fibula.
Patella: Sesamoid bone in the quadriceps tendon.

Anesthesia and Surgical Tools

Bier Block: Regional anesthesia using double cuff tourniquet.
Driver: Tool used to insert nails into bone during procedures.
Drill & Reamer: Instruments for creating holes or hollow areas in bone.
Saw: Essential for cutting through bone.

Musculoskeletal Conditions

Osteoarthritis: Degenerative joint disease leading to cartilage breakdown.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Autoimmune condition causing joint inflammation.
Subluxation: Partial dislocation of a joint.

Connective Tissues

Tendon: Connects muscle to bone; critical for movement.
Ligament: Connects bone to bone; stabilizes joints.
Bursa: Fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction in joints.

Bone Healing and Growth

Granulation: Healing process where scar tissue forms.
Remodeling: New bone formation process after injury.
Hemopoiesis: Blood cell production, primarily occurs in red marrow.

Joint Types and Movements

Diarthrosis: Freely movable joints, allowing a wide range of motion.
Hinge Joint: Allows flexion and extension, such as in the elbow.
Saddle Joint: Found between trapezium and metacarpal, allows specific movements.
Abduction: Movement away from the body’s midline.
Volar: Refers to the palmar surface or front of the hand.

Miscellaneous Terms

Exostosis: Abnormal bone growth or protrusion.
Ganglion: Benign cyst, commonly appears on the dorsal wrist.
Methylmethacrylate: Bone cement used in orthopedic surgery.
Sequestrum: Dead bone fragments separated from living tissue.
Valgus/Varus: Terms describing bone alignment (bent outward/inward).

Important Nerves and Structures

Median Nerve: Commonly compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome.
Iliac Crest: Prominent part of the hip bone used for autogenous bone grafts.
Trauma Devices: Various tools like clamps and retractors (Lane, Gelpi, Weitlaner) are used during surgeries for optimal exposure and stability.

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Description

Test your knowledge on surgical procedures like hemiarthroplasty and ORIF. Explore key terms related to bone types and fractures, including cancellous bone and comminuted fractures. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of orthopedic concepts.