Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of ligaments in the skeletal system?
What type of bone tissue is characterized as hard and forms the outer shell of bones?
Which structure is necessary for bone growth and is present until skeletal maturity?
What role does cartilage play at the ends of bones?
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Which component of the skeletal system is primarily involved in movement?
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What is the function of the periosteum in bone structure?
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Which mineral is continuously formed and reabsorbed by bone tissue?
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What components make up the appendicular and axial skeleton?
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How many cervical vertebrae are present in the human spine?
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Which position is typically used for spinal patients during orthopedic surgery?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the basic orthopedic instruments?
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What is the primary purpose of the depth gauge in orthopedic procedures?
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What confirms the correct operative side and site before surgery?
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Which of the following types of bones are fused at the bottom of the vertebral column?
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What aids are typically used to position patients undergoing lateral orthopedic surgery?
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What is the first step in the important sequence of instruments to fixate a bone?
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What is the primary purpose of a prosthesis in joint surgeries?
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Which type of fracture is commonly associated with hip replacement surgery?
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What sequence of instruments is essential for fixing a basic fracture?
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What is a common system name associated with plates and screw fixation?
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What is one of the advantages of arthroscopy compared to traditional surgery?
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What is the role of the depth gauge in the sequence of fixing a fracture?
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Why might a surgeon choose to use screw fixation rather than plate fixation?
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Which joints are most commonly examined through arthroscopy?
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What is the primary classification for hip fractures?
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Which hip fracture type is especially common in elderly women?
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What is a significant risk associated with femoral neck fractures?
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Where are distraction rods placed during spinal surgery?
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What type of instrument is commonly used for hip fracture fixation?
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What is a primary reason for using forced-air warming blankets during spinal surgery?
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What is the first step in the procedure for fixing a hip fracture?
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Which piece of equipment is essential for verifying the placement of screws during surgery?
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What type of anesthetic is commonly used for carpal tunnel release surgery?
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What is the primary function of compression rods in spinal surgery?
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What must be used to create a channel for the lag screw during the surgical procedure?
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What is one of the final steps in the surgical process for hip fractures?
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Which of the following instruments is NOT commonly used in spinal surgery?
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Study Notes
Orthopedic Surgery Overview
- Orthopedic surgery addresses musculoskeletal disorders and relies on advanced technology to improve patient outcomes.
- Understanding bone and tissue fixation is crucial for perioperative nursing to ensure optimal patient care.
Anatomy of the Skeletal System
- Composed of 206 bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage.
- Bones facilitate movement, support soft tissues, act as mineral reservoirs, and generate blood cells.
- Muscles provide movement; ligaments connect bones; tendons connect muscles to bones or cartilage.
Types of Bone Tissue
- Cortical Bone: Hard outer layer providing structural support.
- Cancellous Bone: Soft, spongy inner tissue, containing red bone marrow.
Vertebral Column Structure
- Comprised of 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar vertebrae, along with the sacrum and coccyx.
- Vertebral bodies are connected by cartilage joints, enabling mobility.
Perioperative Nursing Considerations
- Correct side and site marking is vital for surgical accuracy, confirmed via surgical safety checklist and x-rays.
- Aseptic techniques are essential in orthopedic procedures.
Patient Positioning
- Depends on the procedure; common positions include supine, lateral, Fowler's, and prone.
- Special aids are utilized for lateral positioning; proper padding is crucial for spinal surgeries.
Draping and Instrumentation
- Draping varies based on the procedure and surgeon preferences, typically limb draping is used.
- Basic orthopedic instrument sets include periosteal elevators, retractors, and bone rongeurs.
Bone Fixation Sequence
- Stabilize the fracture with a bone holder.
- Drill to create a hole for the screw.
- Tap the hole to ensure a stable canal.
- Measure screw depth using a depth gauge.
- Insert the screw with a screwdriver.
Prosthetic Joint Replacement
- Used in cases of degenerated or fractured joints, commonly in the hip, knee, and shoulder.
- Dynamic compression plates and screws are utilized to stabilize fractures and promote healing.
Arthroscopy
- Minimally invasive diagnostic and operative technique, mainly for knee, shoulder, and wrist surgeries.
- Involves saline irrigation and small incisions for instruments and scope insertion.
Hip Fractures
- Classified into three types: Femoral Neck, Intertrochanteric, and Subtrochanteric.
- Intertrochanteric fractures are common in elderly women and can be fixed with plates and screws.
Surgical Equipment for Hip Surgery
- OR Fracture Table: For positioning and stabilization.
- Common instruments include the Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) for fixation.
Femoral Neck Fractures
- Require careful reduction to prevent complications such as necrosis.
- Blood supply can be compromised, necessitating specific surgical strategies.
Spinal Surgery Considerations
- Patients positioned prone with specific care to prevent injury.
- Common equipment includes spinal instrumentation, bone graft instruments, and fluoroscopy for guidance.
Hand Surgery
- Carpal Tunnel Release: Involves dividing the carpal ligament to relieve median nerve pressure.
- Typically performed under local anesthetic or Bier block utilizing a tourniquet.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of orthopedic and spine surgery based on suggested readings like Alexander’s Care of the Patient in Surgery. It focuses on basic anatomy, procedural considerations, and the specific equipment crucial for orthopedic surgeries. Test your knowledge and understanding of these essential concepts in patient care.
