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Questions and Answers
Which type of supporting material provides verifiable information about events, places, or dates?
Expert testimony is considered the least reliable form of support material.
False
What is the main purpose of using definitions in supporting materials?
To inform the audience about something unfamiliar.
_________ sources are the original source of the information.
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Which of the following is an example of a secondary source?
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Match the type of supporting material with its description:
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The 'Power of 3' refers to combining __________, statistics, quotes, etc., for maximum effect.
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What should be kept in mind when using personal experiences as support material?
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What is a suggested frequency for citing sources in a 7-minute speech?
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Only common knowledge information needs to be cited in a speech.
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Why is oral citation important in presentations?
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Approximately ___ percent of students do not cite sources properly in their presentations.
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Which of the following is NOT a method to use gathered materials?
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All sources used in a presentation should come from a single source.
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What is verbal footnoting?
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To create an effective Source Cited Page, ___ formatting is required for this course.
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Match the following citation examples to their corresponding issues:
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What should be done if information jumps out at you during research?
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Which type of supporting material relies on personal knowledge or opinions from others?
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What is the best use of statistics in a presentation?
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Why should personal experiences be used sparingly in presentations?
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What distinguishes primary sources from secondary sources?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of expert testimony?
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What is the 'Power of 3' in using supporting materials?
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When should examples be utilized in a speech?
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Which type of source is characterized by being written for the general audience?
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What is a common mistake when using gathered materials in presentations?
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Which of the following describes the purpose of definitions in supporting materials?
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What is the best approach to gain time efficiency when reviewing content?
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How should one properly document the source of information during a speech?
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What is a key benefit of citing various sources in a presentation?
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What percentage of students struggle with proper citation in presentations?
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What is the recommended minimum number of oral citations for a 7-minute speech?
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Which of the following is true about the use of personal experiences in speeches?
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What is one important guideline when using research gathered from different sources?
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What is verbal footnoting primarily used for in speeches?
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What does the APA formatting require for the Source Cited page?
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Study Notes
Supporting Materials
- Supporting materials used in a presentation can include facts, definitions, testimony, examples, statistics, and more.
- Facts are verifiable information about people, events, places, dates, etc. For example, “the Golden Gate Bridge opened to traffic on May 28, 1937.”
- Definitions are brief explanations designed to inform the audience about something unfamiliar. For example, “Digital piracy refers to the illegal trade of software, videos, DVDs and music.”
- Testimony involves using firsthand knowledge or opinions held by someone else. The strongest form is Expert Testimony, which is given by a recognized expert.
- Examples provide specific instances or cases that illustrate points in a presentation.
- Statistics numerically summarize, organize, and tabulate information to present significant data.
- When using personal knowledge or stories, keep them relevant and brief.
- The “Power of 3” principle involves combining examples, statistics, quotes, etc., for maximum impact.
- Primary Sources are the original source of the information, while Secondary Sources cite, review, or build upon other sources.
- Scholarly Sources are written for readers in their academic or professional fields, such as Psychology Today, while Popular Sources are written for general readers, such as Time Magazine.
- Supporting Materials should be accurate, current (most of the time), and from a reliable source.
Using Supporting Materials
- Supporting materials can be used directly or straightforwardly, through comparison, analogies, direct quotes, or paraphrasing.
- A complete oral citation of the source of information, including the name, title, publication, and date of publication, is known as verbal footnoting. This enhances credibility and persuasiveness.
- A good approach is to cite approximately 7 times in a 7-minute speech, depending on the topic, research quality, and need.
- Lack of proper in-speech documentation can negatively impact presentation grades.
- Vary the sources cited to avoid the audience thinking the information is from one source only.
- Oral citations within a speech and the Source Cited Page attached to the full sentence outline are separate items.
- Cite information that is not common knowledge.
- APA formatting for the Source Cited Page is required.
Citing Sources
- Examples of oral citations:
- “…According Unite States Surgeon General Jerome Adams, approximately 50,000 Americans die from the flu every year.”
- “…General Motors recently recalled all its Silverado and Sierra trucks built in 2018 due to an engine block issue, stated Andy Dufraime, editor of Road and Track Magazine.”
- The more sources are cited, the more credibility the speaker gains. A 7-minute speech should have a minimum of 4 to 5 oral citations.
Types of Supporting Materials
- Facts are verifiable pieces of information about individuals, events, locations, dates, etc.
- Definitions provide brief explanations of unfamiliar concepts.
-
Testimony is support material using firsthand knowledge or opinions from others.
- Expert Testimony comes from recognized experts.
- Eyewitness Testimony is from those who observed an event.
- Testimony of Non-Experts provides insights from ordinary people.
- Examples are specific instances used to illustrate points in presentations.
- Statistics are numerical representations that summarize, organize, and tabulate information for impactful presentation.
- Personal Knowledge/Stories should be used sparingly, relevantly, and concisely.
- Power of 3 combines examples, statistics, quotes, etc. for maximum impact.
- Primary Sources are the original source of information, while Secondary Sources cite, review, or build upon other sources.
- Scholarly Sources are targeted toward academic or professional audiences.
- Popular Sources are geared towards general readers.
Finding Supporting Materials
- Skimming involves focusing on lead paragraphs, highlighted information, and summary points to glean key information efficiently.
Evaluating Supporting Materials
- Accuracy, Currency, and Reliability are essential for credible sources.
Using Supporting Materials
- Directly (straightforwardly and commonly)
- Comparison (highlighting similarities between ideas, elements, etc.)
- Analogies (using comparisons to the familiar to explain the unfamiliar)
- Direct Quoting (repeating word-for-word)
- Paraphrasing (restating content in one's own words)
Oral Citations
- Verbal Footnoting includes the complete source details (name, title, publication, date) for increased speaker credibility.
- Benefits include organizing the speech, reducing confusion, and preventing plagiarism.
- Recommended Frequency: Approximately 7 citations for a 7-minute speech.
- Importance: Cite information that is not common knowledge, particularly impactful or surprising information.
- Consequences of Lack of Citation: It impacts presentation grades, often severely.
- Source Variation: Using diverse sources adds credibility to the speech.
APA Formatting
- APA Style Guide (7th Edition) is required for this course.
- Source Cited Page: Separate from oral citations, includes a list of all sources used.
Oral Citation Examples
- “According to United States Surgeon General Jerome Adams, approximately 50,000 Americans die from the flu every year."
- “…General Motors recently recalled all its Silverado and Sierra trucks built in 2018 due to an engine block issue, stated Andy Dufraime, editor of Road and Track Magazine.”
- Cite information that is not readily known by the audience, particularly surprising or impactful information.
- Adequate oral citations increase credibility, and using a minimum of 4-5 citations for a 7-minute speech is recommended.
Common Issues
- Approximately 50% of students do not cite sources properly in their presentations.
- Oral citations and Source Cited Page are distinct elements; do not conflate the two.
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Description
This quiz explores various types of supporting materials that enhance presentations, including facts, definitions, testimony, examples, and statistics. Test your understanding of how these elements contribute to effective communication. Learn about the 'Power of 3' principle and its importance in presentations.
