Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim Flashcards

Study Notes

Drug Information

Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim is classified as an antibacterial sulfonamide.
It is categorized as Pregnancy Category D, indicating potential risks to the fetus.

Therapeutic Uses

Effective in treating urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Used for otitis media, bronchitis, and pneumonia.
Treats Pneumocystis carinii infections and rheumatic fever.
Can be applied in the management of burns.

Mode of Action

Functions by inhibiting protein synthesis of nucleic acids.
Exhibits a bactericidal effect, effectively killing bacteria.

Side Effects

Common side effects include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
May cause skin rash, stomatitis, fatigue, and depression.
Neurological effects like headache, vertigo, and photosensitivity are also possible.

Adverse Reactions

Life-threatening adverse reactions can occur, including leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.
Risk of increased bone marrow depression, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, and agranulocytosis.
Severe skin reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and renal failure may arise.

Contraindications

Not recommended for individuals with severe renal or hepatic disease.
Contraindicated for patients with a known hypersensitivity to sulfonamides.

Drug Interactions

Enhances the anticoagulant effect when used with warfarin.
May amplify the hypoglycemic effect in conjunction with oral hypoglycemic drugs.

Lab Interactions

Can lead to increased levels of BUN, serum creatinine, AST, ALT, and ALP in lab results.

Pharmacokinetics

Well absorbed orally, with a protein binding range of 50-65%.
Crosses the placenta, which is crucial for potential maternal-fetal risks.
Half-life is approximately 8-12 hours, with excretion occurring in urine as metabolites.

Pharmacodynamics

Oral administration onset occurs within 0.5-1 hour, reaching peak effect at 2-4 hours, while duration is undetermined.
Intravenous administration has an immediate onset, with peak effect occurring within 0.5-1 hour, and duration remains undetermined.

Description

Test your knowledge on Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim, also known as Bactrim, through these helpful flashcards. Each card covers essential aspects including drug class, pregnancy category, therapeutic uses, and mode of action. Perfect for students in pharmacology or healthcare fields.