Nursing Process: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole & Metronidazole Teaching Plan

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Explain the difference between bacteriostatic and bactericidal drugs.

Bacteriostatic drugs inhibit bacterial growth, while bactericidal drugs kill bacteria.

Describe how bacteria reproduce.

Bacteria reproduce by cell division, ranging from 12 minutes to 24 hours.

What is the purpose of the cell wall in bacteria?

The cell wall in bacteria provides rigidity and determines the shape of the bacteria.

List three examples of gram-positive bacteria.

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Clostridium perfringens. Signup and view all the answers

Identify three examples of gram-negative bacteria.

Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how antibiotics classified as bacteriostatic work.

Bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit bacterial growth without killing the bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 5 mechanisms of antibacterial action?

<ol> <li>Inhibition of bacterial cell-wall synthesis, 2) Alteration of membrane permeability, 3) Inhibition of protein synthesis, 4) Inhibition of the synthesis of bacterial RNA and DNA, 5) Interference with metabolism within the cell</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between narrow-spectrum and broad-spectrum antibiotics?

Narrow-spectrum antibiotics are effective against one type of organism, while broad-spectrum antibiotics can be effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of cross-resistance in antibacterial drugs.

Cross-resistance occurs among antibacterial drugs that have similar actions, where resistance to one drug may lead to resistance to another drug with similar mechanisms. Signup and view all the answers

How do antibacterials achieve their pharmacokinetic effectiveness?

Antibacterials must penetrate the bacterial cell and have an affinity for the binding sites on the bacterial cell, which increases the effect of their antibacterial action. Signup and view all the answers

What are the body defenses that work together to stop the infectious process?

Age, nutrition, immunoglobulins, white blood cells (WBCs), organ function, and circulation are body defenses that collaborate to halt the infectious process. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the concept of health care–acquired infections.

Health care–acquired infections are infections that occur in large health care institutions, often due to the development of mutant strains of organisms that are increasingly resistant to antibiotics. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between narrow-spectrum and broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Narrow-spectrum antibiotics target specific types of bacteria, while broad-spectrum antibiotics target a wide range of bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the importance of ordering peak and trough concentration levels for aminoglycosides.

Peak levels help ensure adequate drug concentration for efficacy, while trough levels prevent toxicity. Signup and view all the answers

Contrast the effects of first-, second-, third-, fourth-, and fifth-generation cephalosporins.

Each generation has increased activity against Gram-negative bacteria and increased resistance to beta-lactamases. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of erythromycin.

Erythromycin is well absorbed orally but can cause gastrointestinal upset. It binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit to inhibit protein synthesis. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the pharmacokinetics of the sulfonamides.

Sulfonamides are well absorbed orally and are widely distributed in body tissues. They inhibit folic acid synthesis in bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

Summarize the nurse's role in detecting ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity associated with the administration of aminoglycosides.

Nurses should monitor for signs of hearing loss and kidney dysfunction, such as changes in urine output and serum creatinine levels. Signup and view all the answers