50 Questions
Which of the following best describes decision analysis?
An analytical method used to choose between different treatment alternatives or programs
What is the first step in performing a decision analysis?
Identify the specific decision (therapeutic or medical problem)
Which types of pharmacoeconomic analyses can decision analysis be used for?
All of the above
What are the components of a decision analysis?
The period of analysis, the patient population to be studied, and the perspective to be taken
How is a Markov Model defined?
A tool used to estimate the long-term clinical, humanistic, and economic dimensions of a disease
When is a Markov Model most appropriately utilized?
When clinical trials have limitations
What is the purpose of conducting a sensitivity analysis in decision analysis?
To vary the estimated costs
What is the second step in performing a decision analysis?
Specify alternatives
What is the fourth step in performing a decision analysis?
Draw the decision analysis structure
What is decision analysis used for in medical decision-making?
To choose between different treatment alternatives or programs
Which of the following best describes decision analysis?
A quantitative approach to decision making under conditions of uncertainty
What is the purpose of conducting a sensitivity analysis in decision analysis?
To vary cost estimates
What is the period of analysis in a decision analysis?
The time frame over which the analysis is conducted
What is the perspective to be taken in a decision analysis?
The patient population to be studied
What is a Markov Model?
A simulation of disease progression and outcomes
When is a Markov Model most appropriately utilized?
When clinical trials are limited
What does a decision tree graphically map out?
Treatment alternatives and outcomes
What are the steps in performing a decision analysis?
Specify alternatives, specify outcomes and probabilities, draw the decision analysis structure, perform calculations, conduct a sensitivity analysis
What types of pharmacoeconomic analyses can decision analysis be used for?
Cost-minimization analysis (CMA)
What is decision analysis primarily used for in medical decision-making?
To estimate long-term clinical dimensions of a disease
Which of the following is an advantage of cost utility analysis (CUAs)?
CUAs provide a single measure that includes both morbidity and mortality.
When is cost utility analysis (CUAs) appropriate to use?
When evaluating the impact of a treatment-induced stroke in a survivor.
What is a disadvantage of cost utility analysis (CUAs)?
CUAs are often challenging for clinicians to understand.
When is cost utility analysis (CUAs) not appropriate to use?
When comparing interventions that are not expected to have an impact on mortality.
What is a potential limitation of cost utility analysis (CUAs)?
CUAs are reliant upon the specific instrument utilized and the population being studied.
Which of the following is NOT a reason for conducting a cost-utility analysis (CUA)?
When effectiveness closely correlates to quality of life (QoL)
What is the third step in conducting a cost-utility analysis (CUA)?
Administering the instrument to the general public
Which of the following is a health status domain that can be measured in a cost-utility analysis (CUA)?
Physical functioning
What is the purpose of measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in pharmacoeconomics?
To quantify the burden and functional impairment of a disease
What is the difference between generic measures and disease-specific measures in measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL)?
Generic measures are broadly applicable
Which of the following is an advantage of cost utility analysis (CUAs)?
It allows for comparison across different treatment options.
When is cost utility analysis (CUAs) appropriate to use?
When QoL is an important outcome.
What is a potential limitation of cost utility analysis (CUAs)?
It is time-consuming and has a challenging methodology.
When should cost utility analysis (CUAs) NOT be used?
When evaluating treatments for osteoarthritis.
What is a disadvantage of cost utility analysis (CUAs)?
Clinicians often find methods and results difficult to understand.
Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of using disease-specific measures in measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL)?
They may overlook aspects of the intervention that are more important to the patient
What is the purpose of conducting a sensitivity analysis in decision analysis?
To assess the impact of uncertainty on the results
What is the perspective to be taken in a cost-utility analysis (CUA)?
Societal view
What is the second step in conducting a cost-utility analysis (CUA)?
Choose an instrument
Which of the following is a potential advantage of using generic measures in measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL)?
They can compare across multiple populations
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)?
Hypokalemia
What is the most common adverse effect of TMP-SMX?
Nausea and vomiting
What is the mechanism of action of TMP-SMX?
Inhibition of bacterial folic acid synthesis
Which of the following is NOT a potential use of TMP-SMX?
Gastrointestinal infections
What can TMP-SMX cause in the kidneys?
Renal injury
What adverse effect of TMP-SMX is more common in immunocompromised patients?
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Which of the following can increase the concentration of phenytoin when taken with TMP-SMX?
Cyclosporine
What should be done when gastrointestinal disturbances occur with TMP-SMX treatment?
Take TMP-SMX with food
What can TMP-SMX cause in the bone marrow?
Neutropenia
Which of the following is NOT a drug interaction with TMP-SMX?
Potassium increasing agents
Test your knowledge on decision analysis and Markov models with this quiz. Learn about decision trees and how they are used to make decisions under uncertainty. Explore the key concepts and benefits of decision analysis as a tool for choosing between different treatment alternatives or programs.
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