38 Questions
What is a characteristic of someone in the precontemplation stage?
They are uninformed or under-informed about the problem.
What is a characteristic of someone in the contemplation stage?
They are aware of the problem and are seriously thinking about changing.
What is a characteristic of someone in the preparation stage?
They have a plan for action in the next month.
What is a characteristic of someone in the action stage?
They are putting their plan into action.
What is a characteristic of someone in the maintenance stage?
They have made changes that have lasted for 6 months or longer.
What is a lapse?
A short-term 'slip up'.
What percentage of clients will experience a relapse within 12 months of completing treatment?
60%
What is a common occurrence in the process of change?
Relapse.
What is the final stage in the Spiral Pattern of Change?
Termination
What is normal and understandable in the context of ambivalence?
All of the above
What is a key characteristic of the stages of change spiral?
It is a non-linear progression
What is a key difference between relapsers who return to contemplation and those who return to pre-contemplation?
Attributions to personal failure
Which of the following interventions is most useful during the action and maintenance stages?
Self-liberation and willpower
What is a key characteristic of the maintenance stage?
Increased use of cognitive, affective, and evaluative processes
What percentage of relapsers return to contemplation?
85%
What is the purpose of matching interventions to the stage of change?
To tailor interventions to the individual's readiness for change
What information do psychologists inform clients about when safety permits?
The circumstances and reasons for the intended disclosure of information
What is the central role of ambivalence in the client according to motivational interviewing?
It forces clients into the 'keep using' position and they argue from this perspective
What is a key assumption of motivational interviewing?
Motivation is a state not a trait
What is the result of confrontation about adverse consequences in motivational interviewing?
It often results in argument
What is a characteristic of ambivalence in addictive behaviors?
Awareness of both the risks and benefits of the behavior
What is the primary goal of the old way of helping people change?
To confront the client's 'addictive personality' and denial
What is the role of the person seeking help in motivational interviewing?
An ally
What is the assumption about recovery and change in motivational interviewing?
It is innate, constant, and intrinsic to the human experience
What is the primary function of reflective listening in client-centred counselling?
To understand and acknowledge the client's perspective
What is the purpose of affirming in MI?
To identify the client's strengths and abilities
What is the primary goal of the focusing stage in MI?
To establish a clear direction and agenda for counselling
What is the purpose of summarising in MI?
To demonstrate understanding and validate the client's experiences
What is the primary goal of the evoking stage in MI?
To elicit the client's reasons for change and highlight the gap between current behaviour and essential personal goals or values
What is the purpose of open-ended questions in MI?
To allow the client to explore their experiences and thoughts
What is the purpose of reflecting in MI?
To continue the client's paragraph and demonstrate understanding
What is the purpose of planning in MI?
To develop a plan for change with the client
What is crucial to maximizing treatment effectiveness and efficiency?
Matching clients to their stage of change
Why is it important to consider the needs of other family members in treatment?
To improve outcomes for all those affected
What is a key aspect of relapse prevention in treatment?
Enabling clients to identify and cope with risky situations
What is the benefit of using a biopsychosocial approach in treatment?
It recognizes addiction as occurring in social and cultural contexts
What is an important consideration in assessing clients with substance use disorders?
Conducting comprehensive assessments, including mental health
What is relapse, in the context of addiction treatment?
An expected part of the treatment process
Study Notes
Effective Treatment Approaches
- Comprehensive assessment, including mental health assessment, is essential for effective treatment.
- Matching clients to their stage of change is crucial for maximizing treatment effectiveness and efficiency.
- Treatment approaches should consider the needs and engagement of other family members, including children, to improve outcomes for all those affected.
Pharmacotherapies and Psychological Interventions
- Effective withdrawal and replacement pharmacotherapies are available for some substances, which can be important adjuncts to psychological treatments.
- Evidence-based psychological interventions include contingency management, CBT, and motivational interviewing approaches.
Relapse Prevention
- Relapse is an expected part of the treatment process, and relapse prevention should be routinely incorporated into treatment plans.
- Relapse prevention should focus on enabling clients to identify and cope with risky situations for relapse.
Biopsychosocial Approach
- It is essential to recognize that alcohol and other drug problems occur in social and cultural contexts.
- A biopsychosocial approach is best adopted to address these complex issues.
Change Facilitation
- The old way of facilitating change involved coercion, shame, and guilt, leading to resistance and higher rates of relapse.
- The new way, Motivational Interviewing, involves five important assumptions:
- Motivation is a state, not a trait.
- Resistance is not a force to be overcome.
- Ambivalence is normal.
- The person seeking help should be an ally, not an adversary.
- Recovery and change are innate and constant in the human experience.
Stages of Change
- The Transtheoretical Model of Change describes six stages:
- Precontemplation: Happy user, unaware of problems, resistant to change.
- Contemplation: Ambivalent, aware of problems, weighing pros and cons.
- Preparation: Making a plan for change, open to information and support.
- Action: Implementing change, modifying behavior, thoughts, and environment.
- Maintenance: Maintaining changes, focusing on preventing relapse.
- Termination: Final stage, completion of the change process.
Understanding Ambivalence
- Ambivalence is a normal and expected part of the change process.
- It is essential to understand and work with ambivalence, rather than trying to overcome it.
Stages of Change Spiral
- The stages of change are not linear, and clients may cycle back and forth between stages.
- Each time, they learn more about themselves and their triggers for relapse.
Matching Interventions to the Stage of Change
- Precontemplation and contemplation: Educational and motivational approaches, such as consciousness-raising and self-reevaluation.
- Action and maintenance: Existential and behavioral approaches, such as self-liberation and relapse prevention planning.
Engaging and Focusing
- Engaging involves developing a therapeutic alliance using client-centered counseling skills, such as empathy and reflective listening.
- Focusing involves clarifying the goals and direction of counseling, setting an agenda, and identifying target areas for change.
Learn about the importance of tailored treatment approaches for individuals with substance abuse issues, including comprehensive assessments and matching clients to their stage of change.
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