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Questions and Answers

What was a significant factor in Toronto's unsuccessful bid for the 1996 Summer Olympics?

  • Lack of sufficient corporate funding
  • Opposition from special interest groups (correct)
  • Low population density in the area
  • Inadequate international support

What motto did the group led by Michael Shapcott adopt in their opposition to the Olympic bid?

  • Play for peace
  • Bread not circuses (correct)
  • Athletics for charity
  • Sports for all

What was one of the concerns related to hosting the Olympics mentioned in the content?

  • Create new municipal jobs
  • Boost tourism significantly
  • Enhance international relations
  • Long-term debt and budget impacts (correct)

Which political group within Toronto's city council was notably against large spending projects like the Olympics?

<p>NDP (New Democratic Party) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Paul Henderson in relation to Toronto's 1996 Olympic bid?

<p>The head of the bid committee (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What obstacles did the Toronto Olympic Task Force encounter?

<p>Anticipated problems from various community factions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a demographic characteristic of central Canada compared to the Maritimes and the West regarding sports organization?

<p>More funding and resources for sports organization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the city’s tradition of open decision-making have on the Olympic bid?

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What was the significance of Evangelis Zappas in the history of the Olympic Games?

<p>He sponsored the Zappas Games and supported the revival of the Olympics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC)?

<p>Demitrios Vikelas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable issue with the St. Louis 1904 Olympic Games?

<p>They faced organizational challenges and low attendance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Dorando Pietri during the marathon event at the 1908 Olympics?

<p>He was disqualified after collapsing at the finish line. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of Jean Drapeau's vision for the Montreal 1976 Olympics?

<p>Implementing a three-pronged approach for budgeting and construction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Cost+ scheme implemented by Jean Drapeau?

<p>It raised construction costs significantly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event introduced swimming and diving to the Olympic Games, leading to an increase in female participation?

<p>Stockholm 1912 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What financial situation did Montreal face after hosting the 1976 Olympics?

<p>They incurred a debt of $975 million. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change did the initial wave of graduates bring about in communities and school systems for women?

<p>Promoted the idea that women could be physically active (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was K. Wamsley's main focus in his research on the Edmonton Grads?

<p>Understanding bias in historical treatment of the Edmonton Grads (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics for women in sports?

<p>It allowed women to compete in Olympic track and field for the first time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the athlete that won gold in the 4x100 relay during the 1928 Olympics?

<p>Fanny Rosevelt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Alice Milliat's impact on women's track and field?

<p>She launched the women's track and field event under the name ‘Olympics’ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the response of the IOC to the performance of women in the 800m race at the 1928 Olympics?

<p>They decided to remove women’s track events from the Olympics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What restriction was placed on women’s track and field after the 1928 Olympics?

<p>Women could not compete beyond one lap of the track for 30 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Gustavus Town Kirby suggest about women’s competition in track and field?

<p>Removal would deter women from competing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Peter Ueberroth known for in relation to the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics?

<p>Implementing the usage of old facilities to avoid debt. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the 1988 Calgary Winter Games on the television market?

<p>TV contract values exceeded expectations significantly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Dubin Inquiry primarily a response to?

<p>Ben Johnson's positive drug test. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major event activated the global sports community's efforts against doping, before the establishment of WADA?

<p>The 1998 Tour de France doping scandal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was Russia banned from the 2018 Olympic Winter Games?

<p>Due to a state-sponsored doping program uncovered in Sochi. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant reason for rowing's prominence in Canada during Hanlan's time?

<p>It focused on athlete identification and effective marketing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Hanlan Club play in Ned Hanlan's career?

<p>They were responsible for his transport and planning. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was Ned Hanlan considered an early sports hero in Canada?

<p>He was the first professional world champion of rowing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which event did Ned Hanlan win both a regional and national championship?

<p>The Philadelphia regatta in 1876. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Ned Hanlan's weight influence his rowing technique?

<p>He mastered the sliding seat to compensate for his lighter weight. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What controversial action did Hanlan take during a race to demonstrate showmanship?

<p>He paused to allow his competitor to catch up. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant factor in the emergence of the sports page in North America during Hanlan's time?

<p>The introduction of the Atlantic cable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable rivalry for Ned Hanlan during his career?

<p>A fierce competition against Charles Courtney. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major development in gender equity has occurred in the athlete development system?

<p>There has been a greater push for gender equity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributed to the federal government's increased funding for the Olympic movement in Canada?

<p>The financial return from hosting the 2010 Winter Games. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which three entities comprise the 'Olympic Tripartite'?

<p>International Olympic Committee, national Olympic committees, and international sport federations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason cities strive to host the Olympic Games despite the high costs involved?

<p>Hosting promotes international recognition and tourism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Pierre de Coubertin's primary motivations for reviving the Olympic Games?

<p>To use sport as a vehicle to promote peace. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical figure significantly influenced Pierre de Coubertin in his effort to establish the modern Olympic Games?

<p>William Penny Brookes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the Franco-Prussian War have on Pierre de Coubertin's views?

<p>It made him critical of rampant nationalism in Europe. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Coubertin invite European elites to Paris for discussions on amateurism?

<p>To gain their support for the establishment of the Olympic Games. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary reason the bid for the 1996 Olympic Games faced opposition from some groups?

<p>Concerns over municipal budget impacts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group was led by Michael Shapcott in opposing Toronto's Olympic bid?

<p>Bread not Circuses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the population density in central Canada affect sports organization?

<p>Shorter travel times for competitions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common sentiment expressed by inner city activists regarding the Olympic Games?

<p>It prioritized wealthy individuals' interests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a criticism of the Olympic bidding process highlighted in Toronto’s 1996 bid?

<p>Lack of interest from younger generations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who comprised the majority of Toronto’s city council during the Olympic bidding process?

<p>NDP members (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What negative perception influenced Toronto's bid for the Olympics regarding previous Games?

<p>Rising costs and budget overruns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Paul Henderson's strategy regarding the Olympic Task Force impact the bid?

<p>He underestimated their potential support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Paris Crew

A group of amateur rowers from Saint John, New Brunswick, who won the world amateur rowing championship in Paris in 1867.

Ned Hanlan

Canada's first national sports hero, a professional rower who won the world championship five years in a row from 1880 to 1884.

Sliding Seat

A new piece of technology in rowing that allowed rowers to extend their reach and power, giving them a greater advantage.

Sponsored Athlete

An athlete who receives financial support from a sponsor, allowing them to focus on their sport.

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Hanlan Club

A group of businessmen who provided financial and logistical support to Ned Hanlan, helping him reach his full potential in rowing.

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Ned Hanlan vs. Charles Courtney

A rivalry between two prominent rowers, where Charles Courtney became professional to race against Ned Hanlan. This rivalry was heavily covered by the media and fueled the popularity of rowing.

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Atlantic Cable

The technology that enabled the transmission of sporting news from North America to Europe, boosting the popularity of rowing.

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Importance of Marketing

The ability to market and promote a sport played a crucial role in the rise of rowing's popularity in Canada.

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Edmonton Grads

A group of female athletes from Edmonton, Alberta, who paved the way for women in sports by showcasing their athletic abilities and challenging societal norms.

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J. Percy Page

The coach of the Edmonton Grads who received a disproportionate amount of historical credit for their success.

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K. Wamsley's research

This research revealed historical bias in the treatment of the Edmonton Grads, highlighting the importance of understanding the perspectives of the athletes themselves.

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The Matchless Six

Six extraordinary female athletes from Edmonton who competed in the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics, marking a significant moment for women's participation in track and field.

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Fanny Rosevelt

A member of the Canadian 4x100 relay team that won gold at the 1928 Olympics, and also won silver in the 100m race.

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Alice Milliat

A pioneer for women's track and field who launched the sport in Paris and negotiated with the IOC to include women in the Olympics.

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The 800m Race Controversy

The 800m race in Amsterdam sparked controversy as women were pushed to their physical limits, leading to concerns about their health and their place in athletics.

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Gustavus Town Kirby

A figure who argued against removing women's track and field from the Olympics, which ultimately led to a compromise.

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Social Contract

An agreement between the organizers of a major sporting event, like the Olympics, and the local community where the event will be held. It ensures that the community supports the event, and the event benefits the community.

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Toronto's 1996 Olympic Bid

Toronto's unsuccessful attempt to host the 1996 Summer Olympics. The bid faced opposition from local activists and failed to secure a social contract.

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Bread Not Circuses

A slogan used by activists opposing Toronto's Olympic bid. It criticizes the use of public funds for lavish events when basic needs like housing and food are unmet.

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Olympic Task Force

A group established to help with the planning and organization of the Olympics. In Toronto's case, it was a potential ally to the bid organizers.

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Paul Henderson and the TOOC

The individuals leading Toronto's Olympic bid. They failed to anticipate the opposition from local activists, which ultimately undermined the bid.

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Impact of Media on Sports

The media plays a significant role in shaping public opinion about sports. This influence can be seen in the case of Toronto's Olympic bid, where media coverage fueled the debate and opposition.

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Olympic Overspending

A common concern about hosting major sporting events like the Olympics. Concerns about the financial burdens and potential for overspending often contribute to opposition.

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Why Did Toronto Lose the Bid?

Toronto lost the bid due to opposition from local activists, the NDP's lack of support, and media attention on the controversy. This highlights the importance of building a sustainable, inclusive social contract for large-scale events.

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Olympic Tripartite

The three key organizations that govern the Olympic Games: the International Olympic Committee (IOC), National Olympic Committees (NOCs), and International Sport Federations (IFs).

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IOC

The International Olympic Committee, responsible for overseeing the Olympic Games and promoting the Olympic Movement worldwide.

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NOCs

National Olympic Committees, responsible for representing their country at the Olympic Games and supporting athletes.

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IFs

International Sport Federations, responsible for governing specific sports and ensuring their rules and regulations are followed.

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Coubertin's Dream

Pierre de Coubertin's vision to revive the Olympic Games as a way to promote peace and international understanding through sport.

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Why host the Olympics?

Cities invest heavily in hosting the Olympic Games to gain international recognition, boost their economy, and improve infrastructure.

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William Penny Brookes

The founder of the Much Wenlock Games, who inspired Pierre de Coubertin to revive the Olympics. Often called the father of the modern Olympic Games.

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Amateurism in Early Olympics

Coubertin's initial vision for the Games focused on amateur athletes, believing it would promote fair competition and discourage professionalization of sport.

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Ueberroth's Impact

Peter Ueberroth's leadership during the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, demonstrating how to use existing facilities and avoid debt, sparked renewed global interest in hosting the Games.

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TV Market Boom

The 1988 Olympics saw a significant increase in television market demand, with the US TV contract for the Winter Games exceeding the Summer Games, breaking the usual trend.

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Dubin Inquiry

The investigation into Ben Johnson's positive drug test, known as the Dubin Inquiry, prompted Canada to be more vigilant about doping but had limited impact globally.

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WADA's Formation

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) was established as a collaborative effort between the IOC, international sports federations, and nations to combat doping.

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Russia's Ban

Following the state-sponsored doping program revealed in the 2014 Sochi Olympics, Russia was banned from participating under its national identity in the 2018 Winter Olympics.

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Evangelis Zappas

A Greek philanthropist who sponsored the Zappas Games, precursors to the modern Olympic Games, in the mid 19th century.

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First IOC President

The first president of the International Olympic Committee was Demitrios Vikelas, a Greek chosen by Pierre de Coubertin.

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Montreal Olympics (1976)

The first Olympic Games hosted in Canada. The Games were marred by financial difficulties, leaving the city with a significant debt.

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Jean Drapeau's Vision

The mayor of Montreal who championed the city's bid for the 1976 Olympics. His grandiose plans resulted in massive overspending and a financial crisis.

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Cost+ Scheme

A corrupt construction practice used in Montreal's Olympic Games where contractors were incentivized to inflate costs, resulting in excessive spending.

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Calgary Olympics (1988)

The 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary showcased effective planning and organization, leading to financial success and positive legacy.

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Keys to Calgary's Success

Calgary's success was attributed to careful planning, existing infrastructure, and responsible financial management, contrasting with Montreal's overspending.

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Study Notes

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