STS Week 1: Historical Antecedents
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Questions and Answers

Which food product is made from bananas?

  • Fruit Preserves
  • Pineapple Jam
  • Soy Sauce
  • Banana Ketchup (correct)

Who is credited as the Father of Videoconferencing?

  • Thomasites
  • Institute of Science
  • National Science Board
  • Gregorio Zara (correct)

What was one of Gregorio Zara's inventions?

  • Alcohol-fueled Airplane Engine (correct)
  • Solar-powered Generator
  • Hydroponic Farming System
  • First Electric Car

What does the 'Zara Effect' refer to?

<p>Law of Electrical Kinetic Resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organization was established to support scientific development in the Philippines in 1987?

<p>Department of Science &amp; Technology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who invented the first writing system?

<p>The Sumerians (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What invention is referred to as the first rudimentary steam engine?

<p>The water container (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which writing system used symbols and was well-preserved on pyramid walls?

<p>Hieroglyphics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant feature of the heavy plough?

<p>It turned the soil upside down (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was papyrus made from?

<p>A plant that grew along the Nile (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with creating a more efficient method of printing?

<p>Johann Gutenberg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What innovation facilitated animal traction and irrigation in agriculture?

<p>The ancient wheel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical period is marked by massive invasions and migrations, along with prevalent wars?

<p>The Middle Ages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the first compound microscope?

<p>Zacharias Janssen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a telescope?

<p>Viewing distant objects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which invention marked the beginning of powered flights?

<p>Engine powered airplane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about Jiaozi in the 17th century?

<p>It was the first paper money (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is associated with the invention of the mechanical clock?

<p>Chinese Alchemist (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of ‘Manomnoman’ in ancient Filipino society?

<p>A time-keeper (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these was NOT an invention mentioned for the Modern Age?

<p>War weapon and gun powder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the advancements in engineering during pre-colonial times in the Philippines include?

<p>The construction of Banaue rice terraces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Copernican Theory propose?

<p>The Sun is the center of the solar system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Newtonian Physics introduce regarding object motion?

<p>Objects have inertia and move without external force. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of Darwinian Theory?

<p>Natural selection drives the evolution of species. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Copernican Revolution challenge previous beliefs?

<p>By introducing telescopic evidence against geocentrism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Model Crisis' refer to in the context of scientific theories?

<p>The buildup of results that cannot be explained by current models. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of a 'Model Revolution'?

<p>Proposal of completely new theoretical frameworks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a tenet of Creationism?

<p>Living things evolved from earlier forms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept is central to Mendelian Genetics?

<p>Inheritance of characteristics from parents. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes normal science?

<p>Working on an established dominant theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes model drift?

<p>Recognition that something doesn’t fit but is not problematic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of a system?

<p>Final outcomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized in systems thinking?

<p>Big picture thinking and holistic understanding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is recognized as the Father of Modern Ophthalmology in the Philippines?

<p>Germiniano de Ocampo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Cobra Effect, what was the intended purpose behind offering a bounty for dead cobras?

<p>To effectively reduce the cobra population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach explains events through causal chains?

<p>Event oriented thinking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major contribution did Luz Oliveros - Belardo make to the field of medicine?

<p>Discovered potassium citrate's benefits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the three main components of a system?

<p>Purpose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about RA 7687 is true?

<p>It aims to support science and technology scholars in the Philippines. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The feedback mechanism in a system primarily refers to:

<p>Circular processes influencing system elements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What innovative device did Dr. Fe Del Mundo create for pediatric care?

<p>Bamboo incubator (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which institution was the first eye hospital established in the Philippines?

<p>De Ocampo Eye Hospital (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Science & Technology Agenda for National Development (STAND) encompass?

<p>Coconut industry development and domestic needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant health attributes are associated with the research of Luz Oliveros - Belardo?

<p>Anti-cancer properties of periwinkle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a paradigm shift in scientific context?

<p>A significant alteration in standards of understanding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Compound Microscope

A type of microscope that uses two lenses to magnify objects, developed by Zacharias Janssen.

Telescope

An optical instrument used to view distant objects, often used by navigators.

War Weapon & Gunpowder

A powerful invention that made modern warfare more advanced, using gunpowder for fiery arrows, cannons, and grenades.

Jiaozi

An early form of paper money used in China, developed in the 17th century.

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Mechanical Clock

A device that allowed people to accurately track time, paving the way for more precise timekeeping.

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Telephone

A revolutionary invention that changed communication forever, allowing people to talk over long distances.

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Engine Powered Airplane

The first engine-powered aircraft, marking the beginning of powered flight and modern aviation technology.

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Calculator

An early device used for simpler calculations, leading to the development of complex computing machines.

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Thomasites

The first public school teachers in the Philippines, primarily from the United States, who played a crucial role in establishing the Philippine educational system.

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Philippine Normal School

A prestigious institution founded in 1901 with the aim of training teachers for the fledgling Philippine public school system. It continues to be a prominent teacher education institution today.

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Bureau of Science

The Bureau of Science, a key government agency established in the early 20th century, focused on scientific research and development in the Philippines. It evolved through various name changes and eventually became the Department of Science and Technology (DOST).

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Gregorio Zara

A Filipino physicist and inventor best known for his invention of the two-way videophone and pioneering research on electrical kinetic resistance, also known as the Zara Effect.

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National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP)

A national research council established in the Philippines to promote scientific research and development. It aims to advise the government on science and technology policies and provide support to researchers.

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Model Crisis

The scientific process where a dominant theory is challenged by new observations and evidence, leading to a new theory.

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Model Revolution

The shift from an old scientific model to a new one, often marked by a revolution in understanding.

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Paradigm Change

The acceptance of a new scientific theory by a scientific community, changing the dominant paradigm.

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Ptolemaic Theory

The theory that the Earth is the center of the universe, replaced by the Copernican theory.

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Copernican Theory

The theory that the Sun is the center of the solar system, replacing the Ptolemaic theory.

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Aristotelian Physics

The theory that objects at rest tend to stay at rest, and objects in motion will continue moving unless acted upon by a force.

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Newtonian Physics

The theory that objects have inertia and are governed by the laws of motion and gravity.

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Creationism

The theory that living organisms were created by a divine being, replaced by the theory of evolution.

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Darwinian Theory

The theory that living organisms evolve through natural selection, where organisms best adapted to their environment survive and reproduce.

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Paradigm Shift

A significant change in the way we understand the natural world, driven by new discoveries and perspectives. It often leads to a revolution in scientific thinking.

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Scientific Revolution

A period of rapid scientific advancement and change marked by breakthroughs and innovations. It is often triggered by a paradigm shift.

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Paradigm

A set of standards, perspectives, and concepts that frame the understanding of a particular field. It influences how scientists approach their work and interpret their findings.

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Paradigm

A set of standards, perspectives, and concepts that frame the understanding of a particular field. It influences how scientists approach their work and interpret their findings.

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Bamboo Incubator

A type of incubator made from bamboo, designed by Dr. Fe Del Mundo, offering a cost-effective and sustainable alternative for newborns.

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Pediatrician

A doctor specializing in the care of children, particularly focusing on their diseases, development, and health.

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Science & Technology Scholarship Law

A program that supports talented and deserving students from low-income families to pursue science and technology education.

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Philippine Eye Bank

The Philippine Eye Bank, established in 1950, is a crucial institution that provides cornea donations for transplants, giving sight to those in need.

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Cuneiform

The Sumerians developed cuneiform, the first recognized writing system. It employed triangular symbols and representations of words.

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Ancient Wheel

The Sumerians created the wheel. It was used for carts, chariots, pottery making, and farming.

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Hieroglyphics

Hieroglyphics, the Egyptian writing system, used symbols. It's found carved in pyramids and other structures.

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Papyrus

Egyptians discovered papyrus, a plant grown along the Nile River. Processed into sheets, it became the world's first paper.

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First Steam Engine

The first rudimentary steam engine was invented. It was a simple device that harnessed the power of steam.

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Middle Ages

A time period marked by invasions, migrations, and war, starting in 476 AD. This period is often associated with a decline in advancements.

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Renaissance

A period characterized by an increase in advancements, innovations, and scientific methods. This period witnessed remarkable developments in various fields.

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Printing Press

A printing press, invented by Johann Gutenberg, was meant to improve printing efficiency. It used a cast for faster production and was based on the Chinese innovation of woodblock printing.

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Normal Science

A period in science where researchers focus on refining and expanding an established theory or framework.

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Return to Normal Science

A shift in scientific thought where scientists encounter phenomena that cannot be explained by the existing dominant theory, leading to questioning, re-evaluation, and potentially the development of new frameworks.

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Systems Thinking

An approach to understanding and solving problems by analyzing the interconnected elements, relationships, and interactions within a system.

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Event-Oriented Thinking

A method for explaining events by identifying a series of linear cause-and-effect relationships.

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Elements (of a system)

Elements that make up a system, such as individual parts or components.

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Interconnections (of a system)

The connections and dependencies between different elements in a system, where changes in one element can affect others.

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Purpose (of a system)

The specific purpose or function that a system is designed to achieve.

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Positive Feedback Loop

A feedback mechanism that amplifies or reinforces a trend or pattern, leading to a snowball effect.

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Study Notes

Science, Technology, and Society (STS) - Week 1 Historical Antecedents

  • STS Definition: Examines the impact of science and technology on culture, politics, and economy. It explores how these fields contribute to knowledge and societal progress.

  • Historical Developments: Highlights key periods and inventions throughout history, including ancient and middle periods.

  • Ancient Period (3000 BC - AD 500): Early advancements in technology, communication, transportation, record-keeping, architecture, and safety measures shaped civilizations during this era.

    • Cuneiform: A writing system using wedge-shaped marks, developed by Sumerians.
    • Ancient Wheel (Sumerians): Used for carts, chariots, pottery, and agriculture.
    • Hieroglyphics (Egyptians): Symbolic writing system used in ancient Egypt.
    • Papyrus (Egyptians): Paper-like material made from plants, used for writing.

  • Middle Period (476 AD onwards): Marked by significant innovations, including the printing press and the heavy plow.

    • Printing Press (Johann Gutenberg): A more efficient method of printing.
    • Heavy Plow: A tool that drastically improved soil preparation and crop yields.

  • Inventions and Innovations: Details several significant inventions:

    • Watermills: Widely used in agriculture.
    • Newspapers: One of the most important tools for the dissemination of information.
    • Shadoof: Ancient Egyptian device used for lifting water.
    • Antikythera Mechanism: An early tool used to predict astronomical events for calendars and astrological purposes.
    • Aeolipile: An early steam turbine.

Science, Technology, and Society (STS) - Week 2 Pre-Colonial Period

  • Healing Practices in Pre-Colonial Philippines: Discusses how pre-colonial Filipinos approached healing through medicinal plants and traditional rituals.

  • Timekeeping in Pre-Colonial Philippines: Explains how Filipinos managed timekeeping, noting observations of celestial events and practices of cultures like Ifugaos.

  • Ancient Filipino Society: Highlights different disciplines and activities in ancient Filipino culture, such as farming, weaving, and engineering.

  • Key Technologies: Emphasizes the pre-colonial use of balangays and karakoas, important shipbuilding techniques.

Science, Technology, and Society (STS) - Week 3 American & Post-Commonwealth Era

  • American Occupation Era: Focuses on the introduction of schools, science institutions, and the science and technology agenda.

    • Thomasites: First public school teachers.
    • Bureau of Science :Established institutions for scientific research.
    • National Science Board: Facilitated scientific development.

  • Post-Commonwealth Era: Covers advancements in technology, like the rise of science and technology agendas.

    • Science & Technology Agenda for National Development(STAND): The science and technology agenda to guide national development initiatives.

    • Laws & Policies: Outlines relevant laws and policies related to science and technology, such as RA 8439 (Magna Carta For Scientists) and RA 7687 (Science Scholarship).

    • Filipino Contributions to Science & Technology: Highligts notable Filipino scientists and their contributions.

    • Dr. Fe Del Mundo: A renowned pediatrician and a pioneer in medical science.

    • Maria Orosa: A prominent chemist and pharmacist .

Science, Technology, and Society (STS) - Week 4 Paradigm Shifts

  • Paradigm Shifts and Scientific Revolution: Explains how paradigm shifts led to significant changes in scientific thought.

    • Paradigm Crisis: Occurs when unexplainable results arise that cannot be resolved by existing models (science).
    • Model Revolution: Proposing new theories to explain these phenomena.
    • Paradigm Change: When scientific theories are replaced with new ones, leading to complete paradigm shift in scientific thought.

  • Paradigm Shifts in Current Time: Provides examples of how paradigms shift in modern contexts, such as using technology to interact with society and the adoption of e-commerce over traditional retail.

Science, Technology, and Society (STS) - Week 5 Systems Thinking

  • Components of a System: Outlines the key elements of a system, including elements, interconnections, and purpose.

  • Feedback Mechanisms: Details how feedback loops influence the behavior of a system.

  • Event-oriented Thinking: Describes the way in which events are connected in a system.

  • Systems Thinking: Focuses on a holistic view of a system, addressing issues and problems in that system from different aspects.

  • Examples of Systems Thinking: Uses scenarios to illustrate systems thinking concepts, including Cobra Effect and Behavior over Time graphs.

  • Causal Loop Diagrams: Provides diagrams illustrating causal relationships within systems.

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Description

Explore the historical antecedents of Science, Technology, and Society in this Week 1 quiz. Delve into the ancient and middle periods, highlighting significant advancements, inventions, and their impacts on civilizations. From cuneiform to the printing press, understand how these innovations shaped societal progress.

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