STS Prelim: Meaning of Science and Technology
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary material used to create the first compass invented by the Chinese?

  • Copper
  • Bronze
  • Steel
  • Lodestone (correct)

    • Which invention is credited to Johannes Gutenberg?

  • The steam engine
  • The electric telephone
  • The compass
  • The printing press (correct)

    • What significant impact did the compass have on maritime activities?

  • It enabled the construction of larger ships.
  • It increased sea trade and navigation safety. (correct)
  • It eliminated the need for maps.
  • It allowed ships to sail faster.

    • In what year was the electric telephone patented by Alexander Graham Bell?

    <p>1876</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the communications network built by ARPA in the 1960s?

    <p>To connect government computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is associated with the discovery of penicillin?

    <p>Alexander Fleming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major development made the production of books much faster during Gutenberg's time?

    <p>Movable type mechanization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which data transmission method was key to the development of ARPANET?

    <p>Packet switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes ARPANET?

    <p>It was the precursor to the Internet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main advantages of eco-friendly technologies?

    <p>They utilize resources without causing negative effects to the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant ethical dilemma arises from advances in science and technology?

    <p>The threat of nuclear weapons and their impact on humanity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of technological innovation?

    <p>Increased unemployment due to labor-saving technologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which consequence is a result of overusing technology in the medical industry?

    <p>Potential for fatal births and diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential psychological effect of new technologies?

    <p>Effect on humans psychologically and emotionally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a disparity in human well-being?

    <p>Advanced countries benefiting more from scientific success.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one negative consequence associated with pollution from technological production?

    <p>Degradation of natural environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes science as a human activity?

    <p>Science requires collaboration among individuals with various skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is technology defined in the context of human endeavors?

    <p>Technology is the application of knowledge for survival and improvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which invention significantly transformed transportation in human history?

    <p>The wheel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the relationship between science and technology?

    <p>Science and technology mutually influence each other within societal contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is NOT commonly associated with scientific inquiry?

    <p>Reliance solely on anecdotal evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a notable advancement in technology that emerged post-World War II?

    <p>Modern computing systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best reflects the nature of technological systems?

    <p>Technological systems comprise various resources allocated for improvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pivotal role did the compass play in navigation?

    <p>It provided an all-weather navigation solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Meaning of Science and Technology

    • Interaction of science, technology, and society shaped by cultural, political, and economic contexts.
    • Science is a systematic body of knowledge acquired through observation and experimentation.
    • Science involves an organized inquiry following the scientific method and is a human activity involving collaboration and resources.
    • Technology encompasses material products and applications of scientific knowledge to solve practical problems that enhance human life.
    • Technology represents cultural activities and is a complex system integrating knowledge, skills, and resources for product and service development.

    Notable Human Successes in Science and Technology

    • The Wheel: Invented around 3500 B.C., revolutionized land transportation and facilitated agriculture and commerce.
    • The Compass: Developed between the 9th and 11th centuries in China from lodestone, allowed mariners advanced navigation, greatly boosting trade and exploration.
    • The Printing Press: Innovated by Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, mechanized printing revolutionized knowledge dissemination and literacy.
    • The Telephone: Patent awarded to Alexander Graham Bell in 1876, transformed global business communications.
    • Penicillin: Discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928, it became mass-produced by 1944, offering an effective treatment for bacterial infections.
    • The Internet: Evolved from ARPANET in the 1960s, developed a global network of interconnected computers facilitating vast information exchange.

    Eco-Friendly Technologies

    • Sustainable technologies utilize environmental resources without causing damage.
    • Examples:
      • Solar Energy: Harnessing solar panels for electricity.
      • Geothermal Energy: Utilizing heat from the Earth for power.
      • Wind Power: Generating energy through windmills.

    Disadvantages and Ethical Dilemmas of Science and Technology

    • Threats to Survival: Nuclear weapons (e.g., Hiroshima, Nagasaki) pose global threats; pollution from industry endangers health and environment.
    • Ethical Dilemmas: Advanced technologies often lead to misuse, environmental degradation, and societal harm.
    • Disparities: Advanced countries reap technological benefits, leaving poorer nations at a disadvantage.
    • Social and Cultural Conflicts: Military technology influences national security and can escalate warfare.
    • Negative Consequences of Innovation:
      • Pollution from production processes.
      • Job loss due to labor-saving technologies.
      • Urbanization of agricultural land.
      • Psychological effects from gadget addiction.
      • Health risks from overreliance on technology in medicine.
      • Contribution to global warming.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the intricate relationship between science, technology, and society. It delves into the historical developments and the influence of social, cultural, political, and economic contexts on scientific inquiry. Gain a deeper understanding of what constitutes science and its systematic approach to knowledge.

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