Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the urinary system?
What is the main function of the urinary system?
- Regulating body temperature
- Aiding in digestion
- Regulating the volume and composition of body fluids (correct)
- Producing and storing red blood cells
What is the role of the urinary bladder in the urinary system?
What is the role of the urinary bladder in the urinary system?
- Filtering waste products from the blood
- Producing hormones like reninangiotensin
- Storing and intermittently evacuating urine (correct)
- Regulating blood pressure
Which hormone is NOT produced by the urinary system?
Which hormone is NOT produced by the urinary system?
- Prostaglandins
- Reninangiotensin
- Insulin (correct)
- Erythropoietin
What is the anatomical difference in the kidneys of different domestic animals?
What is the anatomical difference in the kidneys of different domestic animals?
What is responsible for producing the ultrafiltrate in the kidney?
What is responsible for producing the ultrafiltrate in the kidney?
Where are the filtration slits covered by a porous membrane called the filtration slit diaphragm located?
Where are the filtration slits covered by a porous membrane called the filtration slit diaphragm located?
What connects the podocytes to the basal lamina?
What connects the podocytes to the basal lamina?
Which part of the basal lamina includes type IV collagen fibers, glycoproteins, and heparan sulfate?
Which part of the basal lamina includes type IV collagen fibers, glycoproteins, and heparan sulfate?
Which segment of the nephron collects ultrafiltrate?
Which segment of the nephron collects ultrafiltrate?
Where are the epithelial cells with microvilli, tight junctions, and numerous mitochondria located?
Where are the epithelial cells with microvilli, tight junctions, and numerous mitochondria located?
Where do the epithelial cells have nuclei that protrude towards the lumen and form Henle's loop?
Where do the epithelial cells have nuclei that protrude towards the lumen and form Henle's loop?
Which part of the nephron is made up of a straight tubule (ascending) and a convoluted tubule?
Which part of the nephron is made up of a straight tubule (ascending) and a convoluted tubule?
Where are the epithelial cells with a developed endocytic apparatus and a perinuclear Golgi complex located?
Where are the epithelial cells with a developed endocytic apparatus and a perinuclear Golgi complex located?
Where is the filtration barrier responsible for producing the ultrafiltrate?
Where is the filtration barrier responsible for producing the ultrafiltrate?
Where are macula densa cells located?
Where are macula densa cells located?
Which cells transform into epithelioid cells in the afferent arteriole wall?
Which cells transform into epithelioid cells in the afferent arteriole wall?
What do macula densa cells detect?
What do macula densa cells detect?
Which part of the kidney contains the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
Which part of the kidney contains the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
What is the function of extraglomerular mesangial cells?
What is the function of extraglomerular mesangial cells?
Which part of the kidney supplies water and electrolytes to the urine?
Which part of the kidney supplies water and electrolytes to the urine?
Where does renal circulation originate from?
Where does renal circulation originate from?
In which part of the kidney are glomeruli and convoluted tubules visible?
In which part of the kidney are glomeruli and convoluted tubules visible?
Which part of the kidney is responsible for detecting sodium ion concentration?
Which part of the kidney is responsible for detecting sodium ion concentration?
What is the structure located at the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle?
What is the structure located at the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle?
Where is the renal corpuscle located?
Where is the renal corpuscle located?
What is the main component of the renal parenchyma?
What is the main component of the renal parenchyma?
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
What is the composition of Bowman's capsule?
What is the composition of Bowman's capsule?
What is the site of ultrafiltration in the kidney?
What is the site of ultrafiltration in the kidney?
Which part of the kidney contains fenestrated capillaries and mesangial cells?
Which part of the kidney contains fenestrated capillaries and mesangial cells?
What is the approximate number of nephrons in a dog's kidney?
What is the approximate number of nephrons in a dog's kidney?
Which part of the kidney is made up mainly of uriniferous tubules?
Which part of the kidney is made up mainly of uriniferous tubules?
What is the function of podocytes in Bowman's capsule?
What is the function of podocytes in Bowman's capsule?
What is the composition of the thin capsule surrounding the kidney?
What is the composition of the thin capsule surrounding the kidney?
Study Notes
- Kidney has a thin capsule of connective tissue, which includes smooth muscle fibers and collagen, surrounded by a dense irregular connective tissue.
- Macroscopically, kidney consists of a cortex (brown zone) and medulla (pale zone).
- Depending on the species, kidneys can be multi-lobed or unilobed, with smooth or lobed surfaces.
- The renal parenchyma is made up mainly of uriniferous tubules, which include a nephron and a collecting duct system.
- A kidney has between 200,000 (cat) and 400,000 nephrons (dog).
- Nephron, the functional unit of the kidney, is composed of a renal corpuscle, proximal tubules, thin tubule, distal tubules and Henle's loop.
- The renal corpuscle is located in the renal cortex and is the site of ultrafiltration, composed of a renal glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
- The renal glomerulus contains fenestrated capillaries and mesangial cells, the supporting cellular element of the glomerulus.
- Bowman's capsule is a double-layered capsule, with an outer layer of simple squamous epithelium and an inner layer of modified epithelial cells called podocytes.
- Podocytes are arranged on the basal lamina of the fenestrated capillaries, separated by a space, and have the capacity for synthesizing collagen fibers and mesangial matrix, among other functions.
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Description
Explore the structure of podocytes, including their primary and secondary extensions, pedicels, and intercellular spaces. Learn how these features contribute to the function of podocytes in the renal filtration process.
