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Questions and Answers
Which system of personality is described as the original system, ruling by the pleasure principle and being largely unconscious?
Which system of personality is like an 'executive' that governs, controls, and regulates the personality?
Which branch of personality is mainly concerned with whether an action is good or bad, right or wrong, and represents the ideal rather than the real?
Which system of personality mediates between instincts and the surrounding environment, doing realistic and logical thinking?
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Which system of personality is driven by instinctual needs, aims at reducing tension, avoiding pain, and gaining pleasure?
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Which system of personality functions to persuade the ego to substitute moralistic goals and inhibits id impulses?
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What is the function of anxiety according to the text?
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What is the main aim of psychoanalytic therapy mentioned in the text?
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What does the unconscious primarily store?
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Which evidence supports the existence of the unconscious as mentioned in the text?
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What is the role of ego-defense mechanisms in dealing with anxiety?
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What is the nature of moral anxiety mentioned in the text?
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Study Notes
Structure of Personality
- The personality consists of three systems: the id, the ego, and the superego.
The ID
- The id is the original system of personality, present at birth.
- It is the primary source of psychic energy and the seat of the instincts.
- The id cannot tolerate tension and functions to discharge tension immediately.
- It is ruled by the pleasure principle, aimed at reducing tension, avoiding pain, and gaining pleasure.
- The id is illogical, amoral, and driven to satisfy instinctual needs.
- It is largely unconscious, or out of awareness.
The Ego
- The ego has contact with the external world of reality.
- It is the "executive" that governs, controls, and regulates the personality.
- The ego mediates between the instincts and the surrounding environment.
- It is ruled by the reality principle, doing realistic and logical thinking and formulating plans of action for satisfying needs.
- The ego checks and controls the blind impulses of the id.
- It distinguishes between mental images and things in the external world.
The Superego
- The superego is the judicial branch of personality, including a person's moral code.
- It represents the ideal rather than the real and strives for perfection, not pleasure.
- The superego functions to inhibit the id impulses and persuade the ego to substitute moralistic goals.
- It is related to psychological rewards and punishments, such as feelings of pride and self-love, and feelings of guilt and inferiority.
Consciousness and the Unconscious
- The unconscious cannot be directly studied but is inferred from behavior.
- Clinical evidence for the unconscious includes dreams, slips of the tongue, posthypnotic suggestions, free-association techniques, and projective techniques.
- The unconscious stores all experiences, memories, and repressed material.
- The aim of psychoanalytic therapy is to make the unconscious motives conscious, allowing individuals to exercise choice.
Anxiety
- Anxiety is a feeling of dread that results from repressed feelings, memories, desires, and experiences that emerge to the surface of awareness.
- The function of anxiety is to warn of impending danger.
- There are three kinds of anxiety: reality anxiety, neurotic anxiety, and moral anxiety.
Ego-Defense Mechanisms
- Ego-defense mechanisms help individuals cope with anxiety and prevent the ego from being overwhelmed.
- The defenses employed depend on the individual's level of development and degree of anxiety.
- Defense mechanisms have two characteristics: they deny or distort reality, and operate on an unconscious level.
- Repression is an ego-defense mechanism, where threatening or painful thoughts and feelings are excluded from awareness.
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Description
Learn about the three systems that make up the structure of personality: the id, the ego, and the superego. Understand how each system functions and their roles in shaping behavior and decision-making.
