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Questions and Answers
What is the likely pattern of collapse for a heavy floor building with weak connections during an earthquake?
What is the likely pattern of collapse for a heavy floor building with weak connections during an earthquake?
What represents the greatest secondary collapse threat to rescuers after an earthquake?
What represents the greatest secondary collapse threat to rescuers after an earthquake?
Which type of building is most negatively affected by an earthquake?
Which type of building is most negatively affected by an earthquake?
Which type of building suffers the most damage from extreme winds?
Which type of building suffers the most damage from extreme winds?
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How many types of structure are generally used in building construction?
How many types of structure are generally used in building construction?
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What procedure should be followed before cutting metal and wood?
What procedure should be followed before cutting metal and wood?
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Which tools are suitable for cutting both metal and wood?
Which tools are suitable for cutting both metal and wood?
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What should be done after cutting a concrete piece?
What should be done after cutting a concrete piece?
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What is the recommended degree for horizontal cutting?
What is the recommended degree for horizontal cutting?
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What shape is generally used for cutting holes in a horizontal approach?
What shape is generally used for cutting holes in a horizontal approach?
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Which of the following tools is effective for cutting reinforced concrete?
Which of the following tools is effective for cutting reinforced concrete?
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Why is a standard triangular hole made during rescue operations?
Why is a standard triangular hole made during rescue operations?
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What tools can be used for chipping reinforced concrete?
What tools can be used for chipping reinforced concrete?
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What is the term for a component that supplements or completes a tool or piece of equipment to enhance the operator’s ability to perform a task?
What is the term for a component that supplements or completes a tool or piece of equipment to enhance the operator’s ability to perform a task?
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Which type of power source can be used in equipment for enhanced operation?
Which type of power source can be used in equipment for enhanced operation?
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Which is the maximum load bearing capacity of a RAM set?
Which is the maximum load bearing capacity of a RAM set?
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Which type of blade is typically used for cutting concrete?
Which type of blade is typically used for cutting concrete?
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What category do facades & veneers fall into?
What category do facades & veneers fall into?
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Which blade is not suitable for wood cutting?
Which blade is not suitable for wood cutting?
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Which load bearing elements are part of a structure?
Which load bearing elements are part of a structure?
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Which of the following is a chemical change that can affect construction material properties?
Which of the following is a chemical change that can affect construction material properties?
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What is the plural form of the term 'bacterium'?
What is the plural form of the term 'bacterium'?
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Which microorganism is primarily responsible for causing malaria?
Which microorganism is primarily responsible for causing malaria?
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What is the process of making a person resistant to diseases called?
What is the process of making a person resistant to diseases called?
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Which term describes a microorganism that can grow in the absence of oxygen?
Which term describes a microorganism that can grow in the absence of oxygen?
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What term is used for a pathogenic microorganism?
What term is used for a pathogenic microorganism?
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What is the primary purpose of a nail gun?
What is the primary purpose of a nail gun?
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What substance produced in the body helps counteract toxins?
What substance produced in the body helps counteract toxins?
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What materials can a nail gun be made from?
What materials can a nail gun be made from?
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What is a general term used for various stomach or intestinal disturbances caused by food?
What is a general term used for various stomach or intestinal disturbances caused by food?
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What is a microscopic single-cell organism commonly referred to as?
What is a microscopic single-cell organism commonly referred to as?
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Which injury is commonly caused by using a nail gun?
Which injury is commonly caused by using a nail gun?
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What is the operating mechanism of a nail gun?
What is the operating mechanism of a nail gun?
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What is the approximate nail drive efficiency of a nail gun?
What is the approximate nail drive efficiency of a nail gun?
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What capability defines the capacity of a nail gun?
What capability defines the capacity of a nail gun?
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What is the length range of nails that a nail gun can drive?
What is the length range of nails that a nail gun can drive?
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What component is NOT part of the fire triangle?
What component is NOT part of the fire triangle?
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In which phase of CSSR operation is the confirmation of personnel regarding their personal items conducted?
In which phase of CSSR operation is the confirmation of personnel regarding their personal items conducted?
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During which phase of CSSR operation is the medical and physical examination performed?
During which phase of CSSR operation is the medical and physical examination performed?
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What phase of CSSR operation involves equipment rehabilitation?
What phase of CSSR operation involves equipment rehabilitation?
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What is considered the first phase of CSSR operation?
What is considered the first phase of CSSR operation?
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Identify the second phase of CSSR operation.
Identify the second phase of CSSR operation.
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Which phase of CSSR operation is termed as the third phase?
Which phase of CSSR operation is termed as the third phase?
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Which phase of CSSR operation represents the fourth phase?
Which phase of CSSR operation represents the fourth phase?
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In what phase of CSSR operation should tools and equipment be inspected for proper working condition?
In what phase of CSSR operation should tools and equipment be inspected for proper working condition?
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Study Notes
Construction Materials
- Polyurethane is a type of plastic construction material.
- Paper is an organic construction material.
- Tiles are a type of ceramic construction material.
- Adobe is a type of conglomerate construction material.
- Aluminum is a type of metal construction material.
- Construction materials experience tension, compression, and shear forces.
Forces Acting on Construction Materials
- Tension is the force that elongates or stretches a material.
- Compression is the force that compresses a material.
- Shear is the force that acts in parallel/opposite directions.
- Gravity is a force that pulls down on all materials.
Weights of Concrete Pieces
- A 15cm x 30cm x 30cm piece of concrete weighs approximately 20-30kg.
Thermal Conductivity of Steel
- Steel is a poor conductor of heat.
Building Categories
- Buildings can be divided into several categories.
Collapse Patterns
- V-shaped collapse is a collapse pattern, where maximum casualties are found.
- Cantilever and Pancake collapse are other collapse patterns.
CSSR Operations
- CSSR operations involve several phases, and have different activities within these phases, and various people doing different roles.
- The Preparation phase in CSSR involves selecting team members.
- There are six stages in operational activities of CSSR.
- Equipment will be maintained in proper working condition in the Activation phase.
- The Operational phase in CSSR involves securing the scene.
- Initial assessment happens in the Operational Phase.
- The Post operational phase in CSSR involves establishing operational objectives.
- Accounting for all tools and equipment will be completed in the Post operational phase.
Search and Rescue Equipment
- Breeches and Thermal Imaging Cameras are among the search and rescue equipment that aren't used during searching and locating.
International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG)
- INSARAG marking boxes are 1.2 m by 1 m.
- INSARAG Marking is an International marking system.
- V-type Collapse is least likely to contain void spaces whereas pancake collapse contains maximum.
- Personnel on a CSSR operation should conduct a risk and hazard survey.
- The Operations phase of a CSSR operation presents the highest level of risk to rescuers.
Search Techniques
- The distance between rescuers during a line search is typically 4 meters.
- The hailing search requires a distance of 8-16 meters between rescuers.
- Physical, Technical and Canine search are types of searches.
- 8-16 m distance is standard for hailing search participants.
- Structural triage should be done within 2 hours and should have no more than 20 minutes per structure.
- EMS arrival should take 15 minutes.
Patient Carrying Equipment
- A flexible stretcher, and strap are among patient carrying equipment that are not used.
Patient Care and Safety
- A patient experiencing crush syndrome has a 100% chance of survival if proper timely treatment is provided.
Tools and Equipment
- Circular saws require 220 Volts for operation.
- Plywood gusset plates must be nailed with common nails.
- A triangular system is used to support leaning structures.
- 50*50 lumber is common for vertical shoring.
- Wedges are inserted behind a plank to hold it in place.
- A structural engineer must be consulted before removing a heavy piece of debris.
Search Methods & Equipment
- There are four types of search during CSSR operation.
- The distance between rescuers should be 8-16 m in hailing search method
- The maximum length of cable used in VLC is 8 meters.
- The maximum length of a wire used in a life detector-I is 10 meters.
- The probe length of a VLC is 3 meters.
- The typical shoring team has 12 members.
- The typical shoring team has five groups.
- A circular saw requires 220 Volts.
- A triangular system of shoring is used to support leaning or structurally unstable walls and roof.
- Correct lumber sizes are 50 cm x 50 cm.
- There are 2 types of Search Method.
- There are 3 Types of Collapse Pattern.
Types of Searches
- The distance between 2 rescuers during hailing method is 4-8m
- The maximum length of cable used in VLC is 8 meters
- The max. length of wire used in the life detector-I is 10 m.
First Phase of CSSR Operations
- The initial assessment happens during the activation phase.
Construction Material Properties
- Wood is an organic construction material.
- Concrete is an example of a conglomerate construction material.
- Materials like steel and wood are poor conductors of heat,sound and electricity.
- Wood gives sound before breaking.
- Steel is resistant to fire.
- Concrete is resistive to fire.
- Steel is strong in compression.
- Wood is strong in Tension.
Collapse Patterns
-
The four categories of building collapses are: light frame, heavy floor, cantilever, and v-shape.
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Heavy floor buildings with brittle concrete frame pose the highest risk.
ICS (Incident command system)
- The major management activities in ICS are command, planning, logistics, and operations.
- There are five phases in CSSR Operations.
Patient Management
- Treatment of various types of injuries, and handling and carrying of patients, are mentioned.
General Information
- 20% chance of patient survival from crush syndrome.
- There are multiple types of equipment and supplies during CSSR operations.
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Description
This quiz explores critical concepts in structural engineering, focusing on the collapse patterns of buildings during earthquakes and the impact of extreme weather conditions. It also addresses the secondary threats to rescuers in post-earthquake scenarios. Test your knowledge on building types and structural design principles.
