Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the prevalence of stroke in Australia?
What is the prevalence of stroke in Australia?
- 0.5%
- 3.8%
- 1.3% (correct)
- 2.5%
Who does stroke more commonly affect?
Who does stroke more commonly affect?
- Younger age groups
- Older age groups (correct)
- Children
- Equally across all age groups
Which population is disproportionately impacted by stroke?
Which population is disproportionately impacted by stroke?
- Non-indigenous populations
- Rural populations
- Urban populations
- Indigenous populations (correct)
What is the main focus of exercise considerations for stroke populations?
What is the main focus of exercise considerations for stroke populations?
What is the prevalence of stroke in Australia?
What is the prevalence of stroke in Australia?
In stroke populations, who is more commonly affected?
In stroke populations, who is more commonly affected?
What is the primary focus of exercise considerations for stroke populations?
What is the primary focus of exercise considerations for stroke populations?
What is the main purpose of functional scales used in stroke?
What is the main purpose of functional scales used in stroke?
What is the recommended frequency for strength training in post-MI patients?
What is the recommended frequency for strength training in post-MI patients?
What is the recommended intensity range for strength training in post-MI patients?
What is the recommended intensity range for strength training in post-MI patients?
How many repetitions are recommended for a minimum set of strength training in post-MI patients?
How many repetitions are recommended for a minimum set of strength training in post-MI patients?
What type of exercise is recommended to focus on for strength training in post-MI patients?
What type of exercise is recommended to focus on for strength training in post-MI patients?
What is a common medication for decreasing resting/exercising blood pressure in post-stroke patients?
What is a common medication for decreasing resting/exercising blood pressure in post-stroke patients?
Which clinical scale is used for assessing activities of daily living (ADLs) in stroke patients?
Which clinical scale is used for assessing activities of daily living (ADLs) in stroke patients?
What is a characteristic of spasticity in stroke populations?
What is a characteristic of spasticity in stroke populations?
Which rehab approach involves repetition of a functional task or part of the task?
Which rehab approach involves repetition of a functional task or part of the task?
What is the recommended frequency for strength training in post-MI patients?
What is the recommended frequency for strength training in post-MI patients?
What is the recommended intensity for strength training in post-MI patients?
What is the recommended intensity for strength training in post-MI patients?
What is the minimum recommended number of repetitions for a set in strength training for post-MI patients?
What is the minimum recommended number of repetitions for a set in strength training for post-MI patients?
What type of exercise is recommended to focus on in strength training for post-MI patients?
What type of exercise is recommended to focus on in strength training for post-MI patients?
What are common medications used post-stroke to lower resting or exercising blood pressure?
What are common medications used post-stroke to lower resting or exercising blood pressure?
Which clinical scale is used for the assessment of activities of daily living (ADLs) in stroke patients?
Which clinical scale is used for the assessment of activities of daily living (ADLs) in stroke patients?
What is the main characteristic of spasticity in stroke populations?
What is the main characteristic of spasticity in stroke populations?
Which rehabilitation approach involves repetition of a functional task or part of the task in stroke populations?
Which rehabilitation approach involves repetition of a functional task or part of the task in stroke populations?
What are the two main types of stroke?
What are the two main types of stroke?
What percentage of strokes are accounted for by ischemic strokes?
What percentage of strokes are accounted for by ischemic strokes?
What are common disabilities resulting from stroke?
What are common disabilities resulting from stroke?
What is the primary focus of stroke primary prevention?
What is the primary focus of stroke primary prevention?
What are the non-modifiable stroke risk factors?
What are the non-modifiable stroke risk factors?
What are post-stroke complications?
What are post-stroke complications?
What do hemorrhagic strokes involve?
What do hemorrhagic strokes involve?
What factors affect participation post-stroke?
What factors affect participation post-stroke?
What does aerobic exercise testing post-stroke involve?
What does aerobic exercise testing post-stroke involve?
What is the classification consideration for stroke?
What is the classification consideration for stroke?
What are the clinical presentations of stroke?
What are the clinical presentations of stroke?
What percentage of increased risk for stroke is seen in indigenous populations?
What percentage of increased risk for stroke is seen in indigenous populations?
What are the two main types of stroke?
What are the two main types of stroke?
Which type of stroke accounts for 85% of all strokes?
Which type of stroke accounts for 85% of all strokes?
What are common disabilities resulting from stroke?
What are common disabilities resulting from stroke?
What is the primary focus of primary prevention for stroke?
What is the primary focus of primary prevention for stroke?
What do non-modifiable stroke risk factors include?
What do non-modifiable stroke risk factors include?
What are post-stroke complications?
What are post-stroke complications?
What do hemorrhagic strokes involve?
What do hemorrhagic strokes involve?
What factors affect participation post-stroke?
What factors affect participation post-stroke?
How are ischemic strokes further subcategorized?
How are ischemic strokes further subcategorized?
What does stroke classification consider?
What does stroke classification consider?
What clinical presentations are associated with stroke?
What clinical presentations are associated with stroke?
What does aerobic exercise testing post-stroke involve?
What does aerobic exercise testing post-stroke involve?
What is the primary focus of dementia prevention according to the text?
What is the primary focus of dementia prevention according to the text?
What is the economic cost of dementia in Australia from 2016-2056 according to the text?
What is the economic cost of dementia in Australia from 2016-2056 according to the text?
According to the text, what is the recommended approach for dementia prevention and care?
According to the text, what is the recommended approach for dementia prevention and care?
What is the recommended duration for exercise intervention to prevent falls in residential aged care?
What is the recommended duration for exercise intervention to prevent falls in residential aged care?
What is the primary mode of exercise recommended for preventing falls in the community-dwelling population?
What is the primary mode of exercise recommended for preventing falls in the community-dwelling population?
What is the recommended intensity for challenging balance during exercise to prevent falls?
What is the recommended intensity for challenging balance during exercise to prevent falls?
What is the recommended frequency for aerobic exercise intervention to improve cognitive performance?
What is the recommended frequency for aerobic exercise intervention to improve cognitive performance?
What is the recommended session duration for resistance training to improve cognitive performance?
What is the recommended session duration for resistance training to improve cognitive performance?
What is the primary cognitive domain that exercise has the best effect on, according to the evidence?
What is the primary cognitive domain that exercise has the best effect on, according to the evidence?
What is the recommended dose of aerobic exercise for improving cognitive performance?
What is the recommended dose of aerobic exercise for improving cognitive performance?
What is the recommended intervention duration for aerobic exercise to improve cognitive performance?
What is the recommended intervention duration for aerobic exercise to improve cognitive performance?
Which type of dementia often occurs in younger individuals?
Which type of dementia often occurs in younger individuals?
What are the recommended guidelines for reducing the risk of cognitive decline/dementia according to WHO (2019)?
What are the recommended guidelines for reducing the risk of cognitive decline/dementia according to WHO (2019)?
Which type of dementia is associated with fluctuating cognition and reduced attention?
Which type of dementia is associated with fluctuating cognition and reduced attention?
What is a non-modifiable risk factor for dementia?
What is a non-modifiable risk factor for dementia?
What type of impairment is common in cognitively impaired individuals?
What type of impairment is common in cognitively impaired individuals?
What is a type of dementia characterized by early memory and learning impairment?
What is a type of dementia characterized by early memory and learning impairment?
What is the main focus of dementia primary prevention?
What is the main focus of dementia primary prevention?
Which condition is essential to manage in individuals with dementia to ameliorate its negative impact on health?
Which condition is essential to manage in individuals with dementia to ameliorate its negative impact on health?
What is a type of dementia with an insidious onset and gradual progression?
What is a type of dementia with an insidious onset and gradual progression?
What are the types of impairment measures that show significant differences between cognitively intact and impaired individuals?
What are the types of impairment measures that show significant differences between cognitively intact and impaired individuals?
What type of dementia presents with reduced attention and fluctuating cognition?
What type of dementia presents with reduced attention and fluctuating cognition?
Which type of dementia is associated with an insidious onset and gradual progression?
Which type of dementia is associated with an insidious onset and gradual progression?
Which of the following is a common comorbidity associated with dementia?
Which of the following is a common comorbidity associated with dementia?
What is the economic cost of dementia in Australia from 2016-2056 according to the text?
What is the economic cost of dementia in Australia from 2016-2056 according to the text?
What is the primary focus of primary prevention for dementia?
What is the primary focus of primary prevention for dementia?
What is the recommended frequency for aerobic exercise intervention to improve cognitive performance?
What is the recommended frequency for aerobic exercise intervention to improve cognitive performance?
What type of dementia often occurs in younger individuals?
What type of dementia often occurs in younger individuals?
What are the non-modifiable risk factors for dementia according to the text?
What are the non-modifiable risk factors for dementia according to the text?
What is a common modifiable risk factor for dementia according to the text?
What is a common modifiable risk factor for dementia according to the text?
What is the recommended dose of exercise for preventing falls in residential aged care?
What is the recommended dose of exercise for preventing falls in residential aged care?
What type of exercise has been used in multicomponent/multifactorial interventions in residential aged care for fall prevention?
What type of exercise has been used in multicomponent/multifactorial interventions in residential aged care for fall prevention?
What is the primary mode of exercise recommended for preventing falls in the community-dwelling population?
What is the primary mode of exercise recommended for preventing falls in the community-dwelling population?
What is the recommended intensity for challenging balance during exercise to prevent falls?
What is the recommended intensity for challenging balance during exercise to prevent falls?
What percentage of people with dementia experience falls each year?
What percentage of people with dementia experience falls each year?
What is the primary cognitive domain that exercise has the best effect on, according to the evidence?
What is the primary cognitive domain that exercise has the best effect on, according to the evidence?
Which of the following is not a pharmacological management option for dementia symptoms?
Which of the following is not a pharmacological management option for dementia symptoms?
What is the minimum recommended duration for aerobic exercise intervention to improve cognitive performance?
What is the minimum recommended duration for aerobic exercise intervention to improve cognitive performance?
What is a non-pharmacological treatment for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD)?
What is a non-pharmacological treatment for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD)?
What is the recommended frequency for resistance training to improve cognitive performance?
What is the recommended frequency for resistance training to improve cognitive performance?
What are some communication changes in dementia mentioned in the text?
What are some communication changes in dementia mentioned in the text?
What is the recommended total dose of exercise for improving cognitive performance?
What is the recommended total dose of exercise for improving cognitive performance?
What is essential in the management of dementia according to the text?
What is essential in the management of dementia according to the text?
What is the recommended intervention duration for aerobic exercise to improve cognitive performance?
What is the recommended intervention duration for aerobic exercise to improve cognitive performance?
What does person-centered care for dementia involve?
What does person-centered care for dementia involve?
What has exercise been shown to improve in people with dementia?
What has exercise been shown to improve in people with dementia?
What percentage of people with dementia experience falls each year?
What percentage of people with dementia experience falls each year?
Which of the following is a potential side effect of pharmacological management of dementia symptoms?
Which of the following is a potential side effect of pharmacological management of dementia symptoms?
What is a non-pharmacological treatment for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD)?
What is a non-pharmacological treatment for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD)?
What are some communication changes that may occur in dementia?
What are some communication changes that may occur in dementia?
What is essential for effective communication with people with dementia?
What is essential for effective communication with people with dementia?
What is essential in the management of dementia, with a focus on understanding the person's needs?
What is essential in the management of dementia, with a focus on understanding the person's needs?
What should exercise selection for dementia be tailored to?
What should exercise selection for dementia be tailored to?
What limits the evidence for exercise benefits in dementia?
What limits the evidence for exercise benefits in dementia?
What has exercise been shown to improve in people with dementia?
What has exercise been shown to improve in people with dementia?
What is a practical consideration for exercise in dementia?
What is a practical consideration for exercise in dementia?
What does person-centered care for dementia involve?
What does person-centered care for dementia involve?
What is a potential non-pharmacological treatment for BPSD?
What is a potential non-pharmacological treatment for BPSD?
Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for dementia?
Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for dementia?
What type of dementia is associated with an insidious onset and gradual progression?
What type of dementia is associated with an insidious onset and gradual progression?
Which type of dementia presents with fluctuating cognition and reduced attention?
Which type of dementia presents with fluctuating cognition and reduced attention?
What is a recommended measure for assessing physical impairment in cognitively impaired individuals?
What is a recommended measure for assessing physical impairment in cognitively impaired individuals?
Which comorbidity is associated with older age and individuals with dementia?
Which comorbidity is associated with older age and individuals with dementia?
What is recommended to reduce the risk of cognitive decline/dementia according to WHO guidelines?
What is recommended to reduce the risk of cognitive decline/dementia according to WHO guidelines?
Which type of dementia is characterized by early memory and learning impairment?
Which type of dementia is characterized by early memory and learning impairment?
What percentage of people with dementia experience depression?
What percentage of people with dementia experience depression?
What is the most common non-pharmacological treatment for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD)?
What is the most common non-pharmacological treatment for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD)?
Which of the following is a potential side effect of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine used in dementia management?
Which of the following is a potential side effect of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine used in dementia management?
What is an example of a communication change in dementia?
What is an example of a communication change in dementia?
What is essential for effective communication with people with dementia?
What is essential for effective communication with people with dementia?
What is an essential aspect of person-centered care for dementia?
What is an essential aspect of person-centered care for dementia?
What is a practical consideration for exercise in dementia?
What is a practical consideration for exercise in dementia?
What limits the evidence for exercise benefits in dementia?
What limits the evidence for exercise benefits in dementia?
What has exercise been shown to improve in people with dementia?
What has exercise been shown to improve in people with dementia?
What percentage of people with dementia experience anxiety?
What percentage of people with dementia experience anxiety?
What is a potential risk for people with dementia?
What is a potential risk for people with dementia?
What is a key aspect of carer engagement in dementia management?
What is a key aspect of carer engagement in dementia management?
Flashcards
Stroke
Stroke
A cerebrovascular event that occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, causing brain damage.
Ischemic Stroke
Ischemic Stroke
A stroke caused by a blood clot blocking an artery in the brain.
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Hemorrhagic Stroke
A stroke caused by bleeding into the brain tissue or surrounding areas.
Thrombotic Stroke
Thrombotic Stroke
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Embolic Stroke
Embolic Stroke
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Post-Stroke Complications
Post-Stroke Complications
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Non-Modifiable Stroke Risk Factors
Non-Modifiable Stroke Risk Factors
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Primary Stroke Prevention
Primary Stroke Prevention
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Stroke Classification
Stroke Classification
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Clinical Presentations of Stroke
Clinical Presentations of Stroke
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Factors Affecting Participation Post-Stroke
Factors Affecting Participation Post-Stroke
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Aerobic Exercise Testing Post-Stroke
Aerobic Exercise Testing Post-Stroke
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Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD)
Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD)
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Falls in Dementia
Falls in Dementia
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Pharmacological Management of Dementia Symptoms
Pharmacological Management of Dementia Symptoms
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Non-Pharmacological Treatment for BPSD
Non-Pharmacological Treatment for BPSD
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Communication Changes in Dementia
Communication Changes in Dementia
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Effective Communication with People with Dementia
Effective Communication with People with Dementia
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Carer Engagement in Dementia
Carer Engagement in Dementia
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Practical Considerations for Exercise in Dementia
Practical Considerations for Exercise in Dementia
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Person-Centered Care for Dementia
Person-Centered Care for Dementia
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Exercise Selection for Dementia
Exercise Selection for Dementia
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Limitations to Exercise Evidence in Dementia
Limitations to Exercise Evidence in Dementia
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Exercise Benefits in Dementia
Exercise Benefits in Dementia
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Agitation and Aggression in Dementia
Agitation and Aggression in Dementia
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Emotional Expression in Dementia
Emotional Expression in Dementia
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Exercise for Functional Improvement in Dementia
Exercise for Functional Improvement in Dementia
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Communication Strategies in Dementia
Communication Strategies in Dementia
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Cognitive Considerations in Exercise for Dementia
Cognitive Considerations in Exercise for Dementia
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Study Notes
Stroke: Types, Complications, Risk Factors, and Exercise Considerations
- Stroke events have plateaued after decreasing, with 7x greater risk for indigenous populations
- Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes are the two main types, both leading to CNS damage
- Common disabilities resulting from stroke include communication and mobility limitations
- Ischemic strokes account for 85% and are further subcategorized into thrombotic and embolic
- Hemorrhagic strokes, less common at 15%, involve bleeding into the brain tissue or cranium
- Post-stroke complications include depression, CAD, hypertension, T2DM, obesity, and falls
- Non-modifiable stroke risk factors include age, gender, blood pathologies, and circadian factors
- Primary prevention focuses on targeting hypertension, CVD, smoking, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia
- Stroke classification considers cause, severity, duration, and symptoms
- Clinical presentations of stroke include impairments in motor, sensory, language, perception, and affective/mood
- Factors affecting participation post-stroke include physical severity, comorbidities, mental state, and social support
- Aerobic exercise testing post-stroke involves pre-screening, gradual intensity increase, and termination criteria
Dementia and Behavioral Symptoms
- Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) include depression (20%), anxiety (16-35%), apathy (55-90%), agitation/aggression (60%), and psychosis (25%).
- People with dementia have a high risk of falls, with 70% of them experiencing falls each year.
- Pharmacological management of dementia symptoms includes cholinesterase inhibitors (Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine) and memantine, with potential side effects.
- Non-pharmacological treatments for BPSD include exercise programming and communication strategies.
- Communication changes in dementia may include difficulty finding words, loss of social conventions, and difficulty expressing emotions.
- Effective communication with people with dementia involves respecting, listening, using body language, speaking clearly, and allowing processing time.
- Carer engagement is essential in the management of dementia, with a focus on understanding the person's needs and providing education and support for the carer.
- Practical considerations for exercise in dementia include supervision, tailoring, and focusing on strengths.
- Person-centered care for dementia involves shared goals based on the person's values and experiences, respect, and understanding of unmet needs.
- Exercise selection for dementia should be evidence-based and tailored to physical, functional, cognitive, and mood needs, taking into account the setting and social and socioeconomic situation.
- The evidence for exercise benefits in dementia is limited by factors such as exclusion from research, small sample sizes, and low methodological quality.
- Exercise has been shown to improve activities of daily living, balance, gait performance, mobility, endurance, and strength in people with dementia.
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