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Questions and Answers
Who conducted the first systematic study of the relation of stress to disease in the 1920s?
Who conducted the first systematic study of the relation of stress to disease in the 1920s?
Stress can result in disease according to Walter Cannon's research findings.
Stress can result in disease according to Walter Cannon's research findings.
True
The general adaptation syndrome consists of three phases: the alarm reaction, the stage of resistance, and the stage of ___________.
The general adaptation syndrome consists of three phases: the alarm reaction, the stage of resistance, and the stage of ___________.
exhaustion
What did Hans Selye develop a model of stress called?
What did Hans Selye develop a model of stress called?
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Match the following symptoms with their categories:
Match the following symptoms with their categories:
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Who conducted the first systematic study of the relation of stress to disease in the 1920s?
Who conducted the first systematic study of the relation of stress to disease in the 1920s?
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Stress can only have negative effects on the body.
Stress can only have negative effects on the body.
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Hans Selye developed a model of stress called 'the general adaptation ______.'
Hans Selye developed a model of stress called 'the general adaptation ______.'
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What are the three phases of Selye's general adaptation syndrome?
What are the three phases of Selye's general adaptation syndrome?
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Match the following stress response components: Adrenaline, Cortisol, CRF Secretion
Match the following stress response components: Adrenaline, Cortisol, CRF Secretion
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Which bodily response is NOT associated with autonomic activation symptoms?
Which bodily response is NOT associated with autonomic activation symptoms?
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Study Notes
Stress Definition and History
- Stress is a circumstance that disturbs the normal physiological or psychological functioning of a person.
- Walter Cannon (1875-1945) conducted the first systematic study of the relation of stress to disease in the 1920s.
- Cannon demonstrated that stimulation of the autonomic nervous system, particularly the sympathetic system, readies the organism for the "fight or flight" response.
The "Fight or Flight" Response
- The "fight or flight" response is characterized by hypertension, tachycardia, and increased cardiac output.
- This response is useful in animals who can fight or flee, but in humans who cannot, it results in disease (e.g., cardiovascular disorders).
Hans Selye's Contributions
- Hans Selye (1907-1982) observed that many highly diverse ways of perturbing the organism resulted in common physiological responses.
- Selye developed a model of stress called the "general adaptation syndrome", which consists of three phases: the alarm reaction, the stage of resistance, and the stage of exhaustion.
- Selye believed that stress, by definition, need not always be unpleasant, and called unpleasant stress "distress".
The General Adaptation Syndrome
- The general adaptation syndrome is a nonspecific bodily response to any demand caused by either pleasant or unpleasant conditions.
- The body reacts to stress by putting into motion a set of responses to diminish the impact of the stressor and restore homeostasis.
- Stressors can be either pleasant or unpleasant (real, symbolic, or imagined) conditions that threaten an individual and cause stress responses.
Types of Stressors
- Physical stressors: environmental pollution, sudden and extreme temperature changes, exposure to diseases, excessive exercise, electrical shock, injury, etc.
- Psychological stressors: any feeling or thought that creates emotional and apprehensive threat perception by individuals.
- Psycho-social stressors: conflicts related to social and interpersonal relationships, extreme domestic discipline or social coercion, social exclusion, sequestration, etc.
Physiological Responses to Stress
- Autonomic activation symptoms: tachycardia, sweating, hypertension, hyperglycemia, muscle strain, etc.
- Neuroendocrine and immune responses to stress: activation of noradrenergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic systems in the brain, and release of catecholamines from the autonomic nervous system.
Immune Responses to Stress
- Life stresses have been shown to have a deleterious effect on antiviral immunity in humans.
- In response to stress, Corticothropine Releasing Factor (CRF) is secreted from the hypothalamus into the hypophysial-pituitary-portal system.
Consequences of Stress
- Stress can have deleterious effects on physical health, leading to conditions such as obesity, headache, acne, asthma, and many types of cancer.
- Stress can also lead to psychiatric conditions such as anxiety disorders, depression, and substance abuse.
- Inadequate coping mechanisms to stress can cause serious behavioral and psychiatric conditions.
Stress Definition and History
- Stress is a circumstance that disturbs the normal physiological or psychological functioning of a person.
- Walter Cannon (1875-1945) conducted the first systematic study of the relation of stress to disease in the 1920s.
- Cannon demonstrated that stimulation of the autonomic nervous system, particularly the sympathetic system, readies the organism for the "fight or flight" response.
The "Fight or Flight" Response
- The "fight or flight" response is characterized by hypertension, tachycardia, and increased cardiac output.
- This response is useful in animals who can fight or flee, but in humans who cannot, it results in disease (e.g., cardiovascular disorders).
Hans Selye's Contributions
- Hans Selye (1907-1982) observed that many highly diverse ways of perturbing the organism resulted in common physiological responses.
- Selye developed a model of stress called the "general adaptation syndrome", which consists of three phases: the alarm reaction, the stage of resistance, and the stage of exhaustion.
- Selye believed that stress, by definition, need not always be unpleasant, and called unpleasant stress "distress".
The General Adaptation Syndrome
- The general adaptation syndrome is a nonspecific bodily response to any demand caused by either pleasant or unpleasant conditions.
- The body reacts to stress by putting into motion a set of responses to diminish the impact of the stressor and restore homeostasis.
- Stressors can be either pleasant or unpleasant (real, symbolic, or imagined) conditions that threaten an individual and cause stress responses.
Types of Stressors
- Physical stressors: environmental pollution, sudden and extreme temperature changes, exposure to diseases, excessive exercise, electrical shock, injury, etc.
- Psychological stressors: any feeling or thought that creates emotional and apprehensive threat perception by individuals.
- Psycho-social stressors: conflicts related to social and interpersonal relationships, extreme domestic discipline or social coercion, social exclusion, sequestration, etc.
Physiological Responses to Stress
- Autonomic activation symptoms: tachycardia, sweating, hypertension, hyperglycemia, muscle strain, etc.
- Neuroendocrine and immune responses to stress: activation of noradrenergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic systems in the brain, and release of catecholamines from the autonomic nervous system.
Immune Responses to Stress
- Life stresses have been shown to have a deleterious effect on antiviral immunity in humans.
- In response to stress, Corticothropine Releasing Factor (CRF) is secreted from the hypothalamus into the hypophysial-pituitary-portal system.
Consequences of Stress
- Stress can have deleterious effects on physical health, leading to conditions such as obesity, headache, acne, asthma, and many types of cancer.
- Stress can also lead to psychiatric conditions such as anxiety disorders, depression, and substance abuse.
- Inadequate coping mechanisms to stress can cause serious behavioral and psychiatric conditions.
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Description
Learn about the concept of stress, its impact on physiological and psychological functioning, and the early studies on stress and disease by Walter Cannon.
