Strategias de Tratamento para Lesiones Musculosqueléticas

Musculoskeletal Injuries and Disorders Treatment Strategies

• Treatment strategies for different conditions like myalgia, tendonitis, bursitis, sprains, strains, osteoarthritis, and low back pain (acute and chronic) are outlined in a chart.
• Specific therapies like topical and systemic analgesics, elimination of the cause, stretching, heat, rest, ice, compression, immobilization, and elevation (RICE), along with other non-pharmacological strategies, are categorized and indicated by an "X" in the chart if applicable.
• Continuous exercise, weight loss, rehabilitation or therapy like acupuncture, psychological therapy, tai chi, yoga, and motor control exercises are listed as potential strategies.

Non-Pharmacological Treatment Options

• Prevention methods include: warming up, stretching prior to physical activity, adequate hydration, and appropriate rest periods.
• Heat therapy: Using warm compresses, heating pads, or hot water bottles is recommended for non-inflammatory pain and stiffness, for 15-20 minutes, 3-4 times daily, avoiding direct application to skin. Heat should not be applied to inflamed areas, or if the patient has topical analgesic in use or broken skin.
• Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) therapy is a medical device used to relieve pain associated with sore, aching muscles, joint pain and chronic intractable pain; it works by changing how pain is transmitted and increasing production of endorphins, lasting 15-30 minutes up to 3 times daily.

RICE Method

• Rest: Resting the injured area for 1-2 days, along with assistive devices like slings, splints, or crutches, is initially crucial.
• Ice: Applying ice for 15-20 minutes every 3-4 hours is a crucial part for reducing swelling immediately after injury. Ice therapy should continue for 1-3 days. Direct to skin application should be avoided. Instead, use a barrier on skin.
• Compression: Applying compression with elastic bandages or supports will minimize swelling. Ensure proper sizing and appropriate location.
• Elevation: Elevation of the injured area above the heart level reduces swelling by improving blood circulation.

Contraindications

• TENS therapy should not be applied to the throat, chest, head, carotid arteries, open wounds, rashes, inflamed skin, cancerous lesions, areas with altered sensation, or areas undergoing topical analgesics.
• Heat therapy is not recommended for inflamed areas or in presence of topical medications, or over broken skin. Do not use during sleep, If >55 years of age only use therapy over a towel or layer of clothing, remove immediately if burning, pain, irritation, discomfort is observed.
• Do not use for patients using pacemakers, defibrillators, or pregnant/pediatric patients.