STL Library in C++

STL Library

The Standard Template Library (STL) is a collection of generic containers, algorithms, and iterators in C++.

Containers

• Sequence Containers:
  • vector: a dynamic array that can grow or shrink in size
  • deque: a double-ended queue that allows efficient insertion and deletion at both ends
  • list: a doubly-linked list that allows efficient insertion and deletion at any position
• Associative Containers:
  • set: a sorted set of unique elements
  • multiset: a sorted set of elements that can have duplicates
  • map: a sorted associative container that maps keys to values
  • multimap: a sorted associative container that maps keys to values and allows duplicates
• Container Adapters:
  • stack: a last-in-first-out (LIFO) container
  • queue: a first-in-first-out (FIFO) container
  • priority_queue: a priority-based queue

Algorithms

• Non-Modifying Algorithms:
  • find: finds the first occurrence of a value in a range
  • find_if: finds the first occurrence of a value in a range that satisfies a predicate
  • count: counts the number of occurrences of a value in a range
• Modifying Algorithms:
  • copy: copies a range of elements to another range
  • move: moves a range of elements to another range
  • sort: sorts a range of elements in ascending order
  • reverse: reverses the order of a range of elements
• Numeric Algorithms:
  • accumulate: calculates the sum of a range of elements
  • inner_product: calculates the inner product of two ranges of elements

Iterators

• Iterator Categories:
  • Input Iterator: allows reading from a sequence
  • Output Iterator: allows writing to a sequence
  • Forward Iterator: allows reading and writing to a sequence in a forward direction
  • Bidirectional Iterator: allows reading and writing to a sequence in both forward and backward directions
  • Random Access Iterator: allows reading and writing to a sequence at any position
• Iterator Functions:
  • advance: advances an iterator to a specific position
  • distance: calculates the distance between two iterators