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Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of the Standard Template Library (STL)?
What is the main purpose of the Standard Template Library (STL)?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the vector container?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the vector container?
Why is inserting or removing elements in the middle or beginning of a vector slow?
Why is inserting or removing elements in the middle or beginning of a vector slow?
What type of iterators are associated with the vector container?
What type of iterators are associated with the vector container?
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Which STL component is responsible for processing elements in a collection?
Which STL component is responsible for processing elements in a collection?
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Which of the following best describes how sequence containers, such as vectors, handle data?
Which of the following best describes how sequence containers, such as vectors, handle data?
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In the context of STL, what is an iterator?
In the context of STL, what is an iterator?
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What defines the order of elements in a vector?
What defines the order of elements in a vector?
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What does the 'size' member method of a vector return?
What does the 'size' member method of a vector return?
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Which operator checks for range validity when accessing an element in a vector?
Which operator checks for range validity when accessing an element in a vector?
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What is the purpose of the 'reserve' member method?
What is the purpose of the 'reserve' member method?
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Which operation would you use to remove the last element from a vector?
Which operation would you use to remove the last element from a vector?
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What does the 'end' method of a vector return?
What does the 'end' method of a vector return?
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What happens to references and pointers when reallocation of the internal array occurs?
What happens to references and pointers when reallocation of the internal array occurs?
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What happens if 'resize' is called to make a vector larger?
What happens if 'resize' is called to make a vector larger?
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Which operation does NOT cause reallocation of internal memory in a vector?
Which operation does NOT cause reallocation of internal memory in a vector?
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When using 'front()', what do you receive from the vector?
When using 'front()', what do you receive from the vector?
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Which member method allows for copying from another vector?
Which member method allows for copying from another vector?
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What is the time complexity of the PUSH_BACK operation in most cases?
What is the time complexity of the PUSH_BACK operation in most cases?
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What does the 'rbegin' method return?
What does the 'rbegin' method return?
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What is the primary advantage of using EMPLACE_BACK over PUSH_BACK?
What is the primary advantage of using EMPLACE_BACK over PUSH_BACK?
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What method would you use to reduce memory usage by freeing unused memory in a vector?
What method would you use to reduce memory usage by freeing unused memory in a vector?
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Which of the following operations changes the number of elements in a vector?
Which of the following operations changes the number of elements in a vector?
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What can be a consequence of using the INSERT operation in a vector?
What can be a consequence of using the INSERT operation in a vector?
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What does the operator * do in the context of iterators?
What does the operator * do in the context of iterators?
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Which operator is used to access a member of the element that an iterator points to?
Which operator is used to access a member of the element that an iterator points to?
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Which statement is true about the begin() and end() methods of iterators?
Which statement is true about the begin() and end() methods of iterators?
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What is the purpose of a destructor in a vector?
What is the purpose of a destructor in a vector?
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In the context of vector constructors, what does the 'copy constructor' do?
In the context of vector constructors, what does the 'copy constructor' do?
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What does the operator ++ do in the context of iterators?
What does the operator ++ do in the context of iterators?
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Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between iterators and containers?
Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between iterators and containers?
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When using the constructor with a given range, how are elements copied from an array into a vector?
When using the constructor with a given range, how are elements copied from an array into a vector?
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Study Notes
STANDARD TEMPLATE LIBRARY (STL)
- Generic library that efficiently manages data collections through algorithms.
- Utilizes template classes, functions, and parameters that support various data types.
- Comprised of components including containers, iterators, and algorithms.
Components of STL
-
Containers: Structures to manage data collections. Examples include:
- Sequence containers: vector, list, deque
- Associative containers: set, map
- Iterators: Objects used to navigate elements within containers.
- Algorithms: Procedures to process elements in collections, such as find, remove, sort.
Vector Overview
- One of the sequence containers, maintaining order based on insertion time/space.
- Functions as a dynamic array with random access capabilities.
- Efficient for adding/removing elements at the end but slow for operations in the middle or start.
Iterator in STL
- An abstraction of a pointer, specific to each container.
- Provides similar interfaces across different containers, maintaining consistency in operations.
Iterator Operations
- Operators include:
-
*
: Returns current element. -
->
: Accesses a member of the element. -
++
: Moves iterator forward. -
--
: Moves iterator backward. -
==
and!=
: Checks equality of two iterators. - Assignment with
=
operator.
-
- Important iterator methods:
-
begin()
: First element. -
end()
: Past-the-end position.
-
Member Methods of Vector
-
Constructors:
- Default constructor, copy constructor, and constructors that accept ranges or arrays.
- Destructor: Cleans up the vector object, deallocating storage.
-
Capacity methods:
- Methods like
size()
,empty()
,max_size()
,capacity()
,resize()
, andreserve()
manage and retrieve capacity details.
- Methods like
Element Access Methods
- Accessing elements can be done through:
-
[]
: Access element at a specific position (no range check). -
at()
: Access with range check, throws exception if out of bounds. -
front()
: Returns first element. -
back()
: Returns last element.
-
Modifiers within Vector
-
Assignments:
-
operator=
: Copies from another same-type vector. -
assign()
: Updates current vector content. -
swap()
: Exchanges two vectors.
-
-
Insertion:
- Methods include
insert()
,push_back()
, andemplace_back()
.
- Methods include
-
Removal:
- Methods include
erase()
,pop_back()
,resize()
, andclear()
.
- Methods include
Reallocation Considerations
- Operations that may trigger reallocation:
-
reserve()
,push_back()
,emplace_back()
,insert()
.
-
-
pop_back()
,erase()
, andclear()
do not cause reallocation. -
shrink_to_fit()
: Reduces memory usage by freeing unused allocations.
Time Complexity Overview
- Operations vary in time complexity:
- Linear time O(N): Includes clear, insert, erase, assign, resize, and destructor operations.
- Constant time O(1): Includes operations like push_back, emplace_back, pop_back, and element access methods.
Push_Back vs. Emplace_Back
-
push_back()
: Introduced earlier, suitable for built-in data types. -
emplace_back()
: More efficient for class/struct types as it constructs in-place, avoiding unnecessary copying.
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Description
This quiz covers the Standard Template Library (STL) in C++, focusing on its components such as containers, iterators, and algorithms. You'll also explore the specifics of the vector, a dynamic array that maintains order and allows random access. Test your knowledge of how these elements work together in managing data collections efficiently.