Podcast
Questions and Answers
What fundamental dimensions of social perception are examined in the study?
What fundamental dimensions of social perception are examined in the study?
What does SCM stand for?
What does SCM stand for?
Stereotype Content Model
The SCM model addresses only one-dimensional stereotypes.
The SCM model addresses only one-dimensional stereotypes.
False
The stereotype content model suggests that warmth and competence are two dimensions of ______ perception.
The stereotype content model suggests that warmth and competence are two dimensions of ______ perception.
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What are the two dimensions borne out of the evolutionary need to recognize the intent and capabilities of others?
What are the two dimensions borne out of the evolutionary need to recognize the intent and capabilities of others?
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What two subscales does the scale used in the survey contain?
What two subscales does the scale used in the survey contain?
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What was the main purpose of the survey mentioned in the content?
What was the main purpose of the survey mentioned in the content?
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The scale used in the survey asked participants to rate the preselected target groups on a 7-point Likert scale.
The scale used in the survey asked participants to rate the preselected target groups on a 7-point Likert scale.
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The mean competence score for the Swedish woman category was __.
The mean competence score for the Swedish woman category was __.
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What hypothesis predicts that simultaneously belonging to multiple outgroups will increase the chances and severity of discrimination?
What hypothesis predicts that simultaneously belonging to multiple outgroups will increase the chances and severity of discrimination?
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The subordinate-male hypothesis predicts that males of subordinate groups will face the most discrimination.
The subordinate-male hypothesis predicts that males of subordinate groups will face the most discrimination.
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What does the ethnic-prominence hypothesis predict will drive discrimination more than gender?
What does the ethnic-prominence hypothesis predict will drive discrimination more than gender?
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The elderly are typically rated as higher in __________ than in competence.
The elderly are typically rated as higher in __________ than in competence.
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Match the following categories with their corresponding stereotype content:
Match the following categories with their corresponding stereotype content:
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Which demographic factor produced larger differences for competence?
Which demographic factor produced larger differences for competence?
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Which demographic factor produced larger differences for warmth?
Which demographic factor produced larger differences for warmth?
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What is the general research question of the current exploratory study?
What is the general research question of the current exploratory study?
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How did the addition of the signal of homosexuality impact competence ratings for the Arab homosexual woman category?
How did the addition of the signal of homosexuality impact competence ratings for the Arab homosexual woman category?
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Which age category resulted in a lower competence rating for the Arab woman?
Which age category resulted in a lower competence rating for the Arab woman?
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Why were these specific group combinations chosen for the study?
Why were these specific group combinations chosen for the study?
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Adding the signal of age did not substantially change the warmth scores of any of the reference groups.
Adding the signal of age did not substantially change the warmth scores of any of the reference groups.
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Participants in the study were randomly assigned to rate the different group combinations.
Participants in the study were randomly assigned to rate the different group combinations.
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The study used a combination of a web-based survey and a ___________ approach for data collection.
The study used a combination of a web-based survey and a ___________ approach for data collection.
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Match the participant demographic information:
Match the participant demographic information:
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What are the implications for selection decisions based on the intersection of ethnicity and gender?
What are the implications for selection decisions based on the intersection of ethnicity and gender?
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What does the 'de-racialization' hypothesis suggest about the perception of minority groups?
What does the 'de-racialization' hypothesis suggest about the perception of minority groups?
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The study found that Arab women's perceived warmth is boosted when ______ age is introduced.
The study found that Arab women's perceived warmth is boosted when ______ age is introduced.
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What type of groups should future research focus on to understand how sexual orientation shapes people's perceptions?
What type of groups should future research focus on to understand how sexual orientation shapes people's perceptions?
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Arab homosexual women are predicted to receive lower ratings on warmth and competence, according to the subordinate-male hypothesis.
Arab homosexual women are predicted to receive lower ratings on warmth and competence, according to the subordinate-male hypothesis.
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The main models of multiple-group membership in organizational contexts have little to say about ___ and competence perceptions.
The main models of multiple-group membership in organizational contexts have little to say about ___ and competence perceptions.
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What does the study propose to explore further in the context of multiple categorization?
What does the study propose to explore further in the context of multiple categorization?
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What is the title of the article by Agerström from 2014?
What is the title of the article by Agerström from 2014?
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Which journal published the article by Burke and Dunlap in 2002?
Which journal published the article by Burke and Dunlap in 2002?
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Stereotypes of Norwegian social groups were discussed in a journal article by Bursell in 2014.
Stereotypes of Norwegian social groups were discussed in a journal article by Bursell in 2014.
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In the article by Beale from 1970, the topic of 'Double jeopardy: To be Black and ______' was discussed.
In the article by Beale from 1970, the topic of 'Double jeopardy: To be Black and ______' was discussed.
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Match the following researchers with their article title:
Match the following researchers with their article title:
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Study Notes
Introduction to Stereotype Content Model (SCM)
- SCM is a model that examines how people perceive social groups and individuals in terms of two fundamental dimensions: warmth and competence.
- Warmth captures perceptions of others' intent, including traits like friendliness, trustworthiness, and sincerity.
- Competence captures perceptions of others' capabilities, including traits like intelligence, skill, and efficiency.
Multiple-Group Membership and Stereotyping
- Most previous research on stereotypes has focused on single demographic group categories, rather than their combinations.
- People inevitably belong to multiple group categories simultaneously.
- The current study examines how different combinations of demographic group categories (ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and age) are perceived in the workplace.
Background Research on Stereotyping
- Research has shown that people perceive social groups and individuals in terms of warmth and competence.
- Women, for example, are perceived as warmer but less competent than men.
- Older workers are perceived as warmer but less competent than younger workers.
- Businesswomen are perceived as more competent but less warm than the generic category of women.
Models of Multiple Social Categorization
- The double or multiple jeopardy hypothesis predicts that simultaneously belonging to multiple outgroups will increase the chances and severity of discrimination.
- The subordinate-male hypothesis predicts that males of subordinate groups will face the most discrimination.
- The ethnic-prominence hypothesis predicts that discrimination will be driven more by race than by gender.
Research Questions and Methods
- The current study examines how professional employees and hiring decision-makers perceive various demographic categories and their intersections in terms of warmth and competence.
- The study uses a survey that asks participants to rate the perceived warmth and competence of 16 preselected demographic group combinations.
Stereotype Content of Specific Categories
- Arab individuals are perceived as more competent than warm.
- Gay and lesbian individuals are perceived as neutral on both dimensions.
- Older workers are perceived as warmer but less competent than younger workers.
- Women are perceived as warmer but less competent than men, although businesswomen and feminists are perceived as more competent but less warm.### Study on Stereotype Content Model (SCM)
- The study examines how 55-year-old and 30-year-old workers are perceived in terms of warmth and competence in the context of work.
Methodology
- Participants were asked to rate the perceived warmth and competence of the most common occupations in Sweden.
- 16 groups were created by combining gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and age.
- The groups were rated by two separate samples of participants.
- The survey asked participants to indicate how the preselected groups are generally perceived in the workplace.
Participants
- A professional convenience sample of 133 recruiters and employees from various professional backgrounds participated in the study.
- The majority of participants were women (n = 87), and the average age was 41 (SD = 12.49).
- 89 participants reported working as recruiters, and their average work experience in recruitment was 8.79 (SD = 7.93) years.
Instruments
- A Warmth subscale with four items and a Competence subscale with four items were used to examine the SCM model.
- The survey was based on a previous study on warmth and competence perceptions in the Swedish workplace.
Analysis Approach
- A basic analysis examined the statistical characteristics of the SCM, such as the factorial structure, indication of mixed stereotype content, and internal consistency of the scales.
- A descriptive analysis of the sample, calculations of interrater agreement, and calculations of mean scores and confidence intervals were conducted to find differences between the groups.
- A multiple regression analysis with interaction terms was employed to investigate how interactions of ethnicity, gender, age, and sexual orientation predict differences in warmth and competence ratings.
Results
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A clear two-factor solution was found for 15 out of 16 groups, with eigenvalues larger than 1 and explaining 54 to 68% of the total variance.
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The Swedish woman group was the only category without a two-factor solution, and only one factor with an eigenvalue of greater than 1 was identified.
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The mean warmth and competence rating for the entire sample of groups is presented in Table 4.### Study on Stereotype Content and Multiple-Group Membership
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The study examines how combinations of common group memberships influence warmth and competence perceptions in a work context.
Reliability of Scales
- Cronbach's alpha values for warmth scales range from .71 to .88, and for competence scales from .78 to .93, indicating high reliability.
- Cronbach's alpha for the entire sample is .84 for warmth and .89 for competence.
Warmth and Competence Ratings
- The competence score shows more diversification between groups with mean scores ranging from 2.74 to 3.91, while the warmth score ranges from 2.94 to 3.83.
- The mean group difference score ranges from −.06 to .83 for warmth and from −.26 to .9 for competence.
Reference Categories
- The Swedish man category received the highest score on competence (M = 3.91, SE = .08), and the Arab woman category received the lowest score (M = 3.00, SE = .10).
- The Swedish woman category received the highest warmth score (M = 3.68, SE = .06), and the Arab man category received the lowest warmth score (M = 2.96, SE = .07).
Intersection with Sexual Orientation
- The addition of the homosexual orientation signal resulted in a higher competence rating for the Arab homosexual woman category (M = 3.44, SE = .08) and a higher warmth rating for the Arab homosexual woman category (M = 3.53, SE = .08).
- The Swedish homosexual man category had a higher warmth score (M = 3.83, SE = .07), but the Swedish homosexual woman category had a lower warmth score (M = 3.28, SE = .07).
Intersection with Age
- The perceived competence ratings for the Swedish man and Arab man categories remained similar with the addition of age as a category.
- The addition of the 55-year-old age group category to the Arab woman category lowered competence (M = 2.74, SE = .12), while the addition of the 30-year-old age group category increased competence (M = 3.25, SE = .10).
Three-Way Interaction
- The three-way interaction of ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation was found to be significant for warmth scores, but not for competence scores.
- The three-way interaction of ethnicity, gender, and age was found to be significant for warmth scores, but not for competence scores.
Discussion
- The study highlights the importance of examining intersections of specific group memberships in a work context.
- The findings suggest that characteristics other than ethnicity and gender, such as sexual orientation, matter and have important intersectional qualities that influence warmth and competence perceptions.
- The study has implications for selection decisions, as recruiters may focus on different qualities depending on the categories being intersected.
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Description
This quiz explores the stereotypes associated with multiple-group membership in the workplace, particularly in the context of job applications. It delves into the perceptions of warmth and competence in employer-employee interactions.
