Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the Match-Up Hypothesis suggest regarding models in advertising?
What does the Match-Up Hypothesis suggest regarding models in advertising?
What is a potential effect of the thin-ideal portrayal in advertising?
What is a potential effect of the thin-ideal portrayal in advertising?
Which type of portrayal involves showing people actively engaging with the product?
Which type of portrayal involves showing people actively engaging with the product?
The concept of the Male Gaze refers to what aspect of women's representation?
The concept of the Male Gaze refers to what aspect of women's representation?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of overt sexual objectification in advertising?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of overt sexual objectification in advertising?
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What is a significant concern regarding the transparency of AI decision-making?
What is a significant concern regarding the transparency of AI decision-making?
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Which of the following is a capability of Large Language Models?
Which of the following is a capability of Large Language Models?
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What is a major ethical concern regarding data usage in AI?
What is a major ethical concern regarding data usage in AI?
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Which of the following represents a risk associated with algorithmic bias in AI?
Which of the following represents a risk associated with algorithmic bias in AI?
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What is one of the environmental impacts of AI usage?
What is one of the environmental impacts of AI usage?
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What is one advantage of using stereotypes according to the content?
What is one advantage of using stereotypes according to the content?
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of stereotypes?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of stereotypes?
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What effect does the cultivation theory suggest media has on belief?
What effect does the cultivation theory suggest media has on belief?
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How does the expectancy theory relate to media portrayals?
How does the expectancy theory relate to media portrayals?
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What does affect-transfer theory explain?
What does affect-transfer theory explain?
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Why are stereotypes considered unethical in media?
Why are stereotypes considered unethical in media?
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Which concept describes that ads are more effective when models align with the product's purpose?
Which concept describes that ads are more effective when models align with the product's purpose?
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What is a cognitive miser's behavior when processing information?
What is a cognitive miser's behavior when processing information?
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What is one characteristic associated with hypermasculinity?
What is one characteristic associated with hypermasculinity?
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Which advertising strategy is criticized for not being authentic in relation to LGBTQ+ stakeholders?
Which advertising strategy is criticized for not being authentic in relation to LGBTQ+ stakeholders?
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How does traditional portrayal of masculinity affect mental health?
How does traditional portrayal of masculinity affect mental health?
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What is a technique used in '90s advertising to hint at sexual orientation without explicitly stating it?
What is a technique used in '90s advertising to hint at sexual orientation without explicitly stating it?
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Which principle emphasizes the importance of genuine actions over mere claims in engaging with LGBTQ+ stakeholders?
Which principle emphasizes the importance of genuine actions over mere claims in engaging with LGBTQ+ stakeholders?
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What stereotype is generally NOT associated with traditional views of masculinity?
What stereotype is generally NOT associated with traditional views of masculinity?
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Why are children often considered vulnerable consumers?
Why are children often considered vulnerable consumers?
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Which of the following is a typical male stereotype linked to hypermasculinity?
Which of the following is a typical male stereotype linked to hypermasculinity?
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What was the main regulatory body that governed alcohol advertising in the United States along with the FTC?
What was the main regulatory body that governed alcohol advertising in the United States along with the FTC?
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What was a significant change in the regulation of spirits advertising that occurred in 1996?
What was a significant change in the regulation of spirits advertising that occurred in 1996?
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Which factor contributes to the popularity of e-cigarettes among youth according to social influences?
Which factor contributes to the popularity of e-cigarettes among youth according to social influences?
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What was the effect of the Supreme Court's decision regarding sports betting in the US?
What was the effect of the Supreme Court's decision regarding sports betting in the US?
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What alarming trend has been noted regarding youth vaping in the US?
What alarming trend has been noted regarding youth vaping in the US?
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In the context of direct-to-consumer (DTC) drug advertising, which of the following is true?
In the context of direct-to-consumer (DTC) drug advertising, which of the following is true?
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According to the regulations imposed by the Federal Alcohol Administration Act, which of the following is prohibited?
According to the regulations imposed by the Federal Alcohol Administration Act, which of the following is prohibited?
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What is one of the reasons why addiction might persist despite bans on certain products?
What is one of the reasons why addiction might persist despite bans on certain products?
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At what age do children typically begin to understand the persuasive intent of advertising?
At what age do children typically begin to understand the persuasive intent of advertising?
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What does the US Children's Television Act prohibit during children's programming?
What does the US Children's Television Act prohibit during children's programming?
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Which country bans advertisements for fast-food in all programming?
Which country bans advertisements for fast-food in all programming?
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What age limitation applies to the advertising restrictions in Norway?
What age limitation applies to the advertising restrictions in Norway?
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How does Social Learning Theory explain children's behavior?
How does Social Learning Theory explain children's behavior?
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Which type of ads are banned in Ireland during programming for children under 19?
Which type of ads are banned in Ireland during programming for children under 19?
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What additional timeframe was established in the updated US Children's Television Act?
What additional timeframe was established in the updated US Children's Television Act?
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What is a major consequence of children developing brand loyalty?
What is a major consequence of children developing brand loyalty?
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Which country's advertising regulations ban the use of popular characters as spokespeople in ads aimed at children?
Which country's advertising regulations ban the use of popular characters as spokespeople in ads aimed at children?
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Which of the following is NOT an aspect of Advertising Literacy?
Which of the following is NOT an aspect of Advertising Literacy?
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Study Notes
Stereotypes & Gender
- Stereotyping is a natural cognitive process, a categorization theory
- Humans use stereotypes to simplify information and group things
- Advantages of stereotypes: quick responses based on past experiences, simplify decision-making
- Disadvantages of stereotypes: ignore individual differences, cause generalization, reinforce harmful biases
- Cultivation theory (Gerbner 1990) explores long-term effects of media exposure, where more media exposure increases the belief that media portrayals reflect reality
- Expectancy theory suggests media portrayals influence societal expectations, if negative stereotypes are present viewers may feel pressured to conform
- Affect-transfer theory suggests that positive emotions associated with models are transferred to the product
- Role-product congruity: models aligning with a product's purpose are more effective, reinforcing stereotypes (e.g., attractive models in beauty ads).
Match-Up Hypothesis
- The effectiveness of a model depends on compatibility with the product's purpose
- Attractive models are better for beauty than tech brands.
Social Comparison Theory
- Humans evaluate self-worth by comparing themselves to others
- Upward comparison (comparing to someone better) lowers self-perception
- Downward comparison (comparing to someone worse) boosts self-esteem.
The Thin Ideal in Advertising
- Women in media are often portrayed with unrealistic, thin bodies (typically 15% below average weight)
- This can lead to body dysmorphia, anxiety, eating disorders, and low self-esteem.
Sexual Objectification
- Overemphasizes sexual body parts, demeaning women and objectifying them
- Active (interacting directly with the product) vs. Decorative (passive) portrayals in ads
- Male Gaze refers to the objectification of women from a male perspective.
Advertising to Children
- Children are vulnerable consumers due to cognitive ability and advertising literacy
- Children under 8 don't fully understand persuasive intent in ads
Advertising Regulations for Children
- The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) attempted child advertising regulations, but were unsuccessful
- The Children's Television Act of 1990 limits commercial time
Controversial Products
- Several categories of controversial products: rite-of-passage, sexually oriented, products promising excessive benefits, and products marketed by questionable companies
- Concerns about tobacco and alcohol products because they are linked to risks and health issues.
Age Compression
- Children are increasingly exposed to adult products and messages, accelerating their exposure to risk.
AI & Ethics
- Deep Learning uses artificial networks to process data similarly to the human brain, used in tasks such as facial recognition and voice synthesis
- European Union Al Regulations are more comprehensive than those in other countries.
- There are concerns about black box algorithms, lack of transparency, algorithmic bias and use in areas such as misinformation, job replacement, and the lack of creativity. Issues with data protection in Al are also prevalent.
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Description
Explore the complex dynamics of stereotypes and gender through this quiz. Delve into cognitive processes, advantages and disadvantages of stereotyping, and various theories such as cultivation and expectancy theory. Understand how media influences societal expectations and individual behaviors.