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Stem Cells and Their Characteristics

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Questions and Answers

What are stem cells?

Unspecialized cells that develop into specialized cells

Who suggested the name 'stem cells' for the cells that can differentiate into another cell type?

Alexander Maksimov

In what year were the first embryonic stem cells (ES cells) independently derived from mouse embryos?

1981

Who were the two groups that independently derived the first embryonic stem cells (ES cells) from mouse embryos?

1- Martin Evans and Matthew Kaufman from the Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge 2- Gail R. Martin, University of California, San Francisco Signup and view all the answers

Which American scientist discovered mesenchymal stem cells in 1991?

Arnold Kaplan Signup and view all the answers

In what year were human embryonic stem cells first derived?

1998 Signup and view all the answers

What is the ability of medical signal cells revealed by Arnold Kaplan in the interview with Science?

The ability to help treat pain and protect body cells from death as a result of lack of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Signup and view all the answers

What are the general characters of stem cells?

1- Self renewing for long time: keeping stemness stage 2- Potency: Have the ability to differentiate into a wider range of adult cells 3- Plasticity: Can differentiate into another cell type other than its original tissue 4- Relocation: Can migrate from its original place to another place. Signup and view all the answers

What are the classifications of stem cells based on potency?

Totipotent, Pluripotent, Multipotent, Oligopotent, Unipotent, or induced pluripotent. Signup and view all the answers

Where do embryonic stem cells come from?

Embryos that are three to five days old, called a blastocyst and has about 150 cells. Signup and view all the answers

Where are adult stem cells found?

Adult tissues, such as bone marrow or fat. Signup and view all the answers

What are induced pluripotent stem cells?

Regular adult cells altered to have properties of embryonic stem cells through genetic reprogramming. Signup and view all the answers

What are perinatal stem cells?

Stem cells discovered in amniotic fluid as well as umbilical cord blood, with the ability to change into specialized cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which body fluids contain stem cells?

1- Synovial fluid 2- Amniotic fluid 3- Menstrual blood 4- Mother milk Signup and view all the answers

What are the different classifications of stem cells based on their sources?

Embryonic or Adult Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for classifying stem cells by the extent to which they can differentiate into different cell types?

The extent to which they can differentiate into different cell types. Signup and view all the answers