Cell Differentiation and Stem Cells Quiz

<p>To balance cell death with proliferation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differentiated cells are always more specialized than stem cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stimulate the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endothelial cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are in G0 phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal muscle cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embryonic stem cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are multipotent and limited to specific cell types. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Induced pluripotent stem cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zygote (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can only generate different types of blood cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitate the turnover and replacement of epidermal cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the basal region of the muscle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One stem cell divides to produce one stem cell and one cell that differentiates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transit-amplifying cells undergo several divisions before maturing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every two weeks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To proliferate and replace differentiated blood cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differentiation into transit-amplifying cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bulge stem cells in hair follicles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have lost the ability to proliferate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It typically has low cell turnover but can regenerate quickly when needed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transit-amplifying cells are more differentiated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Repairing or replacing damaged tissue in various conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves continuous proliferation to replace lost blood cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Injury or exercise. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At the bottom of intestinal crypts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are responsible for rapid differentiation into skin cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are continuously replaced by new cells from HSCs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A cell that can divide and differentiate into specialized cell types, forming various tissues and organs. They are crucial for tissue repair and maintenance throughout life.

The process of cell division and growth, leading to an increase in the number of cells within an organism.

The programmed death of cells, a crucial process for development and maintaining tissue homeostasis.

The stage in the cell cycle where cells are not actively dividing but are in a state of rest or quiescence. They can re-enter the cell cycle if needed.

The process by which stem cells develop into specialized cells with specific functions, forming various tissues and organs in the body.

Fibroblasts normally pause in the G0 phase of the cell cycle, but rapidly proliferate to repair tissue damage, like wounds or cuts. Platelets release PDGF (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor) during blood clotting, which stimulates fibroblast proliferation and migration, facilitating tissue repair and regrowth.

Endothelial cells also retain their capacity to proliferate. Forming new blood vessels (angiogenesis) is crucial for tissue repair and regrowth. Low oxygen levels trigger VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) release, promoting endothelial cell proliferation and blood vessel development.

Liver cells typically sit in the G0 stage of the cell cycle. However, if part of the liver is removed, remaining liver cells proliferate to regenerate the missing tissue. This remarkable regenerative capacity allows the liver to restore itself after damage or surgery.

Some differentiated cells, like smooth muscle cells (in blood vessel walls), can re-enter the cell cycle and proliferate. They're crucial for the function of organs like the digestive and respiratory tracts.

Some differentiated cells, like skeletal muscle cells, have lost the ability to divide. They cannot replace themselves if damaged.

Adult stem cells can differentiate into multiple cell types within a specific tissue or organ.

Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any cell type in the body.

Induced pluripotent stem cells are adult somatic cells that have been reprogrammed to become pluripotent.

Totipotent cells are the earliest embryonic cells capable of forming all cell types in an organism, including the placenta.

Medical applications of adult stem cells are well-established and used to treat various conditions.

A type of stem cell found in the skin, responsible for maintaining and renewing the epidermis, the outer layer of skin.

These stem cells reside within the hair follicle, responsible for producing new hair shafts by giving rise to cells that divide and differentiate.

Located at the base of sebaceous glands, these stem cells produce the cells that make up these glands, responsible for secreting oils to lubricate the skin.

These stem cells, also known as satellite cells, are present in skeletal muscle, responsible for repairing and regenerating damaged muscle tissue.

The process where stem cells divide and create more cells, increasing their numbers.

The process by which stem cells develop into specialized cells with specific functions, forming tissues and organs.

The ability of stem cells to repair damaged tissues, leading to potential therapeutic applications for various diseases.

Cells that can divide and differentiate into various cell types, constantly replenishing tissues throughout an organism's life.

Cells that have fully differentiated and lost the ability to divide further.

The process by which stem cells create copies of themselves while also producing cells that will differentiate into specialized cell types.

The process of forming new cells to maintain tissues or organs.

Cells that can divide rapidly and produce more cells that are committed to becoming specific cell types.

A type of stem cell found in bone marrow that is responsible for generating all types of blood cells.

The process by which a single HSC can produce various blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Stem cells found in the intestinal crypts that constantly replenish the epithelial lining of the digestive tract.

Stem cells found in the basal layer of the skin that constantly replenish skin cells and hair follicles.

The process of cells becoming specialized to perform specific functions, losing their potential to become other cell types.