Stem Cells and Career Development
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Questions and Answers

What is the main idea of the analogy given at the beginning of the video?

  • Stem cells are only found in babies.
  • Stem cells have the potential to specialize into different cell types, just like babies have the potential for different careers. (correct)
  • Stem cells can only specialize into one career pathway.
  • As babies grow, they lose their potential for different careers.

    • What is the term for the process by which the zygote divides?

  • Meiosis
  • Mitosis (correct)
  • Differentiation
  • Stimulation

    • What is the name of the stage of development when the inner cell mass is formed?

  • Adult stage
  • Blastocyst stage (correct)
  • Embryo stage
  • Zygote stage

    • What is the term for the ability of stem cells to differentiate into several cell types?

    <p>Pluripotency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the stem cells found in the inner cell mass?

    <p>Pluripotent stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many different cell types can pluripotent stem cells differentiate into?

    <p>More than 200</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the formation of cells into specific types?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another term for pluripotent stem cells found in the inner cell mass?

    <p>Embryonic stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of embryonic stem cells in mammals?

    <p>To build the body by differentiating into trillions of specialized cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which stem cells replace damaged or worn out cells?

    <p>Regeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between mature skin cells and stem cells?

    <p>Mature skin cells are specialized, while stem cells are unspecialized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of epidermal stem cells in the skin?

    <p>To continually divide and replace damaged skin cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often are skin cells shed and replaced in the human body?

    <p>Every month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main properties that a stem cell must possess?

    <p>The ability to self-renew and the ability to differentiate into more specialized cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of a stem cell to divide and differentiate into more specialized cells?

    <p>Potency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of somatic stem cells?

    <p>To replenish tissues that need to be replaced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many skin cells are shed per hour?

    <p>40,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stem cell is found in the skin?

    <p>Epithelial stem cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stem cells are found in bone marrow?

    <p>Hematopoietic stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hematopoietic stem cells?

    <p>To produce blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which stem cells divide into a mother cell and a daughter cell?

    <p>Obligate asymmetric replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stem cells can be reprogrammed from specialized somatic cells?

    <p>Induced pluripotent stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of regenerative medicine?

    <p>To repair damaged tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stem cells are unipotent?

    <p>Epithelial stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which stem cells maintain their numbers?

    <p>Stochastic differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stem cells give rise to bone cells and cartilage cells?

    <p>Mesenchymal stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of inducing IPS cells?

    <p>To repair damaged tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of stem cells to give rise to multiple types of cells within a specific family?

    <p>Multipotency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential benefit of using IPS cells in organ transplantation?

    <p>The avoidance of immune rejection complications since the cells are the patient's own</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current status of IPS cells in medical research?

    <p>They have helped to create the precursors to a few different human organs in labs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers stem cells to differentiate?

    <p>The presence of specific chemical signals in the stem cell's environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of proteins in stem cell regulation?

    <p>They prevent stem cell differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cord blood, and why is it of interest?

    <p>It is blood taken from the placenta and umbilical cord after birth, and it contains multipotent stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the previous fate of cord blood after a baby's birth?

    <p>It was discarded as medical waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stem cells can be found in cord blood?

    <p>Multipotent and sometimes pluripotent stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current interest in cord blood?

    <p>Its potential to contain stem cells for research and medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stem Cells and Their Properties

    • Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into specialized cell types
    • There are two main types of stem cells: embryonic and somatic
    • Embryonic stem cells are found in the inner cell mass of blastocysts and are pluripotent, meaning they can differentiate into any cell type in the adult human body
    • Somatic stem cells are found in adult tissues and are used for repair and replenishment of cells
    • Stem cells have two main properties: self-renewal and potency
    • Self-renewal allows stem cells to divide and maintain their undifferentiated state
    • Potency refers to the ability of stem cells to differentiate into multiple cell types

    Embryonic Stem Cells

    • Embryonic stem cells are found in the inner cell mass of blastocysts
    • They are pluripotent, meaning they can differentiate into any cell type in the adult human body
    • They are used to build the body during development

    Somatic Stem Cells

    • Somatic stem cells are found in adult tissues
    • They are used for repair and replenishment of cells
    • They are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate into multiple cell types, but only within a specific family
    • Examples of somatic stem cells include:
      • Epithelial stem cells, found in skin, which differentiate into epithelial cells
      • Hematopoietic stem cells, found in bone marrow, which differentiate into blood cells

    Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS Cells)

    • iPS cells are somatic cells that have been reprogrammed to become pluripotent stem cells
    • They are created by introducing specific genes into somatic cells, causing them to revert back to a pluripotent state
    • iPS cells have medicinal implications, such as the potential for regenerative medicine
    • They can be used to create personalized stem cell lines for individuals

    Stem Cell Division and Maintenance

    • Stem cells undergo obligate asymmetric replication, where they divide into one stem cell and one differentiated daughter cell
    • They also undergo stochastic differentiation, where one stem cell differentiates and another stem cell divides to replace it
    • These mechanisms ensure that stem cell numbers remain constant

    Applications of Stem Cells

    • Stem cells are used in medicine to repair damaged tissues and organs
    • Hematopoietic stem cells are used to treat blood disorders such as leukemia
    • iPS cells have the potential to be used in regenerative medicine to create personalized organs for transplantation
    • Cord blood, which contains multipotent stem cells, is being studied for its potential use in medicine

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    Description

    An analogy is made between the potential of a baby's career paths and the operation of stem cells. Learn how stem cells specialize and commit to certain pathways.

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