Statistics in Health Sciences: Cross-sectional Characteristics
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the main aims of epidemiology?

  • To develop new statistical methods
  • To promote healthy behaviors
  • To study the effects of climate change on health
  • To analyze the relationship between exposure and outcome (correct)

Which study design is characterized by the participants being followed over time to observe outcomes?

  • Case-control studies
  • Randomized epidemiological trials
  • Cohort studies (correct)
  • Cross-sectional studies

In epidemiology, what does the term 'exposure' refer to?

  • The outcome of interest in a study
  • The statistical measures used to analyze data
  • The population under study
  • The variables that may influence the outcome (correct)

Which type of study design is particularly useful for rare diseases or outcomes?

<p>Case-control studies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of ecological studies in epidemiology?

<p>They often rely on existing data at the population level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of a randomized epidemiological trial over a cohort study?

<p>Allows for the random assignment of exposure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a case-control study, what is a disadvantage regarding the assessment of exposure?

<p>Unable to estimate P(D|E) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a cohort study and a randomized epidemiological trial?

<p>Observational vs random allocation regarding the exposure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of study design is the selection criteria based on the disease of interest?

<p>Case-control study (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes a cohort study from a case-control study?

<p>Prospective vs retrospective study (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of cross-sectional studies?

<p>They are unable to estimate incidence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In ecological studies, what is a disadvantage of using aggregated data?

<p>It fails to control for some confounders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of time series analysis for studying short-term effects of environmental exposure on population health indicators?

<p>It efficiently controls for potential confounders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of study uses random assignation and selection criteria based on exposure?

<p>Cohort study (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of observational studies?

<p>They are unable to guarantee that exposure precedes the disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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