Statistics in Health Sciences: Cross-sectional Characteristics
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the main aims of epidemiology?

  • To develop new statistical methods
  • To promote healthy behaviors
  • To study the effects of climate change on health
  • To analyze the relationship between exposure and outcome (correct)

    • Which study design is characterized by the participants being followed over time to observe outcomes?

  • Case-control studies
  • Randomized epidemiological trials
  • Cohort studies (correct)
  • Cross-sectional studies

    • In epidemiology, what does the term 'exposure' refer to?

  • The outcome of interest in a study
  • The statistical measures used to analyze data
  • The population under study
  • The variables that may influence the outcome (correct)

    • Which type of study design is particularly useful for rare diseases or outcomes?

    <p>Case-control studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of ecological studies in epidemiology?

    <p>They often rely on existing data at the population level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of a randomized epidemiological trial over a cohort study?

    <p>Allows for the random assignment of exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a case-control study, what is a disadvantage regarding the assessment of exposure?

    <p>Unable to estimate P(D|E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a cohort study and a randomized epidemiological trial?

    <p>Observational vs random allocation regarding the exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of study design is the selection criteria based on the disease of interest?

    <p>Case-control study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes a cohort study from a case-control study?

    <p>Prospective vs retrospective study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of cross-sectional studies?

    <p>They are unable to estimate incidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ecological studies, what is a disadvantage of using aggregated data?

    <p>It fails to control for some confounders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of time series analysis for studying short-term effects of environmental exposure on population health indicators?

    <p>It efficiently controls for potential confounders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of study uses random assignation and selection criteria based on exposure?

    <p>Cohort study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of observational studies?

    <p>They are unable to guarantee that exposure precedes the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

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