Statistical Methods for Dichotomous Variables
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Questions and Answers

Which type of test measures a person's potential for learning or acquiring skills?

  • Aptitude test (correct)
  • Achievement test
  • Speed test
  • Maximum Performance test

    • What is the purpose of a psychological test?

  • To evaluate behavior
  • To predict behavior
  • To quantify behavior (correct)
  • To understand behavior

    • What is the main difference between group tests and individual tests?

  • Group tests measure overt behaviors, while individual tests measure covert behaviors
  • Group tests can be administered to more than one person at a time, while individual tests can only be given to one person at a time (correct)
  • Group tests measure aptitude, while individual tests measure achievement
  • Group tests are more accurate than individual tests

    • Which test measures a child's performance relative to other children of the same age group?

    <p>Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the Intelligence Quotient (IQ)?

    <p>IQ = (MA/CA) x 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality test was the first ever utilized during World War I?

    <p>Woodworth Personal Data Sheet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scale has the properties of magnitude and equal intervals?

    <p>Interval Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which correlation coefficient is used when both data are ordinal?

    <p>Spearman's rho</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which correlation coefficient is used when one datum is nominal and the other is in interval level?

    <p>Point biserial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which correlation coefficient is used when both data are nominal in nature?

    <p>Phi coefficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statistical test is used to evaluate the relationship between two variables in the population using frequency data?

    <p>Chi-square test for independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a data reduction technique?

    <p>Principal components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major assumption of Classical Test Theory?

    <p>Errors of measurement are random</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the Father of Classical Test Theory?

    <p>Charles Spearman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Item Response Theory study?

    <p>The mathematical relationship between abilities and item responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the concept of norm-referenced tests?

    <p>Tests that compare each person with a norm and encourage competition among children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the predicted value of Y in regression analysis?

    <p>$Y' = a + bX$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the principle of least squares in regression analysis?

    <p>To minimize the squared deviations around the regression line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correlation coefficient used to determine the degree of variation in one variable that can be estimated from knowledge about variation in the other variable?

    <p>Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which correlation coefficient is used when both variables are dichotomous and at least one of them is a true dichotomous variable?

    <p>Phi coefficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard error of estimate?

    <p>The standard deviation of the residuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the coefficient of determination (r2) tell us?

    <p>The proportion of the total variation in scores on Y that we know as a function of information about X</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the coefficient of alienation?

    <p>The measure of non-association between two variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of personality test?

    <p>Power Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the Father of Comparative Psychology?

    <p>Sir Francis Galton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who devised Fechner's Law?

    <p>G.T. Fechner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who introduced the concept of Mental Age?

    <p>Alfred Binet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the Father of Modern Psychology?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law states that the just-noticeable difference between two stimuli is proportional to the magnitude of the stimuli?

    <p>Weber's Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the Father of Comparative Psychology?

    <p>Charles Darwin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with developing the first Intelligence test?

    <p>Alfred Binet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of test measures a person's potential for learning or acquiring skills?

    <p>Ability test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between group tests and individual tests?

    <p>Group tests can be administered to more than one person at a time by a single examiner, while individual tests can be given to one person at a time by an instructor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a psychological test?

    <p>A set of items that are designed to measure characteristics of human beings that pertain to behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which correlation coefficient is used when both data are nominal in nature?

    <p>Phi coefficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the Z-score?

    <p>Z = (X - M) / SD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of symmetry in a distribution called?

    <p>Skewness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Chi-Square test for independence?

    <p>To evaluate the relationship between two variables in the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a data reduction technique?

    <p>Principal components analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scale has the properties of magnitude and equal intervals?

    <p>Interval Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which correlation coefficient is used when both variables are nominal in nature?

    <p>Phi coefficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the Father of Classical Test Theory?

    <p>Charles Spearman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the Intelligence Quotient (IQ)?

    <p>IQ = (MA/CA) x 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major assumption of Classical Test Theory?

    <p>Each person has a true score that would be obtained if there were no errors in measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the principle of least squares in regression analysis?

    <p>To minimize the sum of squared residuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality test was the first ever utilized during World War I?

    <p>The Woodworth Personal Data Sheet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which correlation coefficient is used when both variables are dichotomous and at least one of them is a true dichotomous variable?

    <p>Tetrachoric correlation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of non-association between two variables called?

    <p>Coefficient of Alienation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the Coefficient of Alienation?

    <p>Coefficient of A = 1 - r2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statistical test is used to find the linear combination of variables that provides a maximum discrimination between categories?

    <p>Discriminant Analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following formulas is used to convert a raw score into a z-score?

    <p>$Z = \frac{X - \mu},{\sigma}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about quartiles?

    <p>Quartiles divide the frequency distribution into equal fourths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the regression line in regression analysis?

    <p>$Y' = a + bX$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the principle of least squares in regression analysis?

    <p>To minimize the squared deviation around the regression line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of test measures a person's potential for learning or acquiring skills?

    <p>Aptitude test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the Coefficient of Alienation?

    <p>$1 - r^2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scale has the properties of magnitude and equal intervals?

    <p>Ratio scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following individuals is considered the Father of Comparative Psychology?

    <p>Charles Darwin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with developing the first standardized intelligence test?

    <p>Alfred Binet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law states that the just-noticeable difference between two stimuli is proportional to the magnitude of the stimuli?

    <p>Weber's Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the Mental Age in the Simon-Binet scale?

    <p>Mental Age = Chronological Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statistical test is used to evaluate the relationship between three or more matched sets of frequencies or proportions?

    <p>Cochran’s Q Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statistical test is used as a test of independence and as a goodness of fit test?

    <p>Chi Square test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of peakedness in a distribution called?

    <p>Kurtosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of symmetry in a distribution called?

    <p>Skewness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scales allows you to rank individuals but not to say anything about the meaning of the differences between the ranks?

    <p>Ordinal Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a property of a scale of measurement?

    <p>Normal Distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the purpose of inferential statistics?

    <p>To make inferences from observations of a sample to the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of personality test?

    <p>Rorschach Inkblot Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a data reduction technique?

    <p>Principal components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which correlation coefficient is used when both data are nominal in nature?

    <p>Phi coefficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major assumption of Classical Test Theory?

    <p>Errors of measurement are random</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Item Response Theory study?

    <p>Test and item scores based on mathematical relationship between abilities and item responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is used to convert a raw score into a Z-score?

    <p>Deviation IQ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the regression line in regression analysis?

    <p>Y' = a + bX</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the principle of least squares in regression analysis?

    <p>To minimize the squared deviation around the regression line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which correlation coefficient is used to determine the degree of variation in one variable that can be estimated from knowledge about variation in the other variable?

    <p>Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which correlation coefficient is used when both variables are dichotomous and at least one of them is a true dichotomous variable?

    <p>Point biserial correlation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of non-association between two variables called?

    <p>Coefficient of Alienation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the principle of least squares in regression analysis?

    <p>To minimize the sum of residuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statistical test is used to find the linear combination of variables that provides a maximum discrimination between categories?

    <p>Discriminant Analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes reliability in psychology?

    <p>The consistency of a measure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important component of a good psychological test?

    <p>Reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is a psychology assessment considered to have high reliability?

    <p>When it delivers consistent findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can negatively impact the reliability of a psychological assessment?

    <p>Motivation and stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between reliability and validity in psychological assessments?

    <p>Reliability refers to the consistency of test results, while validity refers to whether a test measures what it claims to measure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean if a personality test is reliable?

    <p>The test produces the same results each time a person takes it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can researchers improve the reliability of psychological assessment tools?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reliability is used to determine the consistency of a psychological test across time?

    <p>Test-retest reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reliability is assessed by having two or more independent judges score a test and comparing their scores?

    <p>Inter-rater reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reliability is gauged by comparing two different tests that were created using the same content?

    <p>Parallel-forms reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reliability is used to judge the consistency of results across items on the same test?

    <p>Internal reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

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