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Questions and Answers
What is the state of matter where particles are widely spaced and can move freely?
What is the state of matter where particles are widely spaced and can move freely?
Which chemical property refers to a substance's ability to catch fire?
Which chemical property refers to a substance's ability to catch fire?
What is the bonding type where electrons are shared?
What is the bonding type where electrons are shared?
What is the physical property that refers to the feel of a substance?
What is the physical property that refers to the feel of a substance?
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During which phase change does a substance absorb heat?
During which phase change does a substance absorb heat?
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What is the term for the measure of acidity or basicity?
What is the term for the measure of acidity or basicity?
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In which state of matter do particles have a fixed shape and volume?
In which state of matter do particles have a fixed shape and volume?
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What is the process by which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas?
What is the process by which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas?
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Study Notes
States of Matter
- Solid: particles are closely packed and have a fixed shape and volume
- Liquid: particles are close together but can move past each other, takes the shape of its container
- Gas: particles are widely spaced and can move freely, expands to fill its container
- Plasma: high-energy state where atoms are ionized, found in stars and lightning
Chemical Properties
- Reactivity: ability of a substance to undergo chemical reactions
- Flammability: ability of a substance to catch fire
- Toxicity: ability of a substance to cause harm or poison
- pH: measure of acidity or basicity
Molecular Structure
- Atomic model: protons, neutrons, and electrons make up an atom
- Molecular model: atoms bonded together to form a molecule
- Bonding: covalent (sharing electrons), ionic (transferring electrons), or metallic (sea of electrons)
- Molecular shape: linear, bent, trigonal planar, etc.
Physical Properties
- Color: appearance of a substance
- Odor: smell of a substance
- Texture: feel of a substance
- Density: mass per unit volume
- Melting and boiling points: temperatures at which a substance changes state
Phase Changes
- Melting: solid to liquid (absorbs heat)
- Freezing: liquid to solid (releases heat)
- Vaporization: liquid to gas (absorbs heat)
- Condensation: gas to liquid (releases heat)
- Sublimation: solid to gas (absorbs heat)
- Deposition: gas to solid (releases heat)
Note: These study notes provide a concise overview of the key concepts related to matter, covering states of matter, chemical properties, molecular structure, physical properties, and phase changes.
States of Matter
- Particles in a solid are closely packed, giving it a fixed shape and volume
- Liquids have particles close together but able to move past each other, taking the shape of their container
- Gases have widely spaced particles that can move freely, expanding to fill their container
- Plasma is a high-energy state where atoms are ionized, found in stars and lightning
Chemical Properties
- Reactivity is the ability of a substance to undergo chemical reactions
- Flammability is the ability of a substance to catch fire
- Toxicity is the ability of a substance to cause harm or poison
- pH is a measure of acidity or basicity, with a pH of 7 being neutral
Molecular Structure
- Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons
- Molecules form when atoms bond together
- Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons, ionic bonds involve transferring electrons, and metallic bonds involve a sea of electrons
- Molecular shape can be linear, bent, trigonal planar, or other shapes
Physical Properties
- Color is the appearance of a substance
- Odor is the smell of a substance
- Texture is the feel of a substance
- Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance
- Melting and boiling points are the temperatures at which a substance changes state
Phase Changes
- Melting occurs when a solid becomes a liquid, absorbing heat
- Freezing occurs when a liquid becomes a solid, releasing heat
- Vaporization occurs when a liquid becomes a gas, absorbing heat
- Condensation occurs when a gas becomes a liquid, releasing heat
- Sublimation occurs when a solid becomes a gas, absorbing heat
- Deposition occurs when a gas becomes a solid, releasing heat
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of states of matter, including solid, liquid, gas, and plasma, as well as chemical properties like reactivity and flammability.
