Physical Science: States of Matter
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Physical Science: States of Matter

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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of a solid state of matter?

  • Particles are high-energy and ionized.
  • Particles are widely spaced and free to move in any direction.
  • Particles are close together but free to move past each other.
  • Particles are closely packed and have a fixed shape and volume. (correct)
  • What physical property of an object remains constant regardless of its state?

  • Buoyancy
  • Density
  • Volume
  • Mass (correct)
  • Which of the following is an example of sublimation?

  • A balloon inflating with air.
  • A rock melting into a pool of lava.
  • Water evaporating from a lake.
  • Dry ice turning directly into carbon dioxide gas. (correct)
  • What is the effect of increasing pressure on the sublimation rate of a substance?

    <p>It decreases the sublimation rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of an object to float or sink in a fluid?

    <p>Buoyancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following states of matter has neither a fixed shape nor volume?

    <p>Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    States of Matter

    • Solid: particles are closely packed and have a fixed shape and volume
    • Liquid: particles are close together but are free to move past each other, takes the shape of its container
    • Gas: particles are widely spaced and are free to move in any direction, has neither a fixed shape nor volume
    • Plasma: high-energy state of matter where atoms are ionized, often found in stars and lightning

    Physical Properties

    • Mass: a measure of the amount of matter in an object, remains constant regardless of its state
    • Volume: the amount of space occupied by an object or substance, can change depending on its state
    • Density: mass per unit volume, can be used to identify substances
    • Buoyancy: the ability of an object to float or sink in a fluid, dependent on its density relative to the fluid

    Sublimation

    • Sublimation: the process by which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas, without going through the liquid phase
    • Examples: dry ice (solid carbon dioxide), iodine crystals, and ammonium chloride
    • Factors affecting sublimation:
      • Temperature: increases sublimation rate
      • Pressure: decreases sublimation rate
      • Surface area: increases sublimation rate
      • Concentration: increases sublimation rate

    States of Matter

    • Particles in a solid are closely packed and have a fixed shape and volume.
    • Particles in a liquid are close together but are free to move past each other, taking the shape of its container.
    • Particles in a gas are widely spaced and are free to move in any direction, with neither a fixed shape nor volume.
    • Plasma is a high-energy state of matter where atoms are ionized, often found in stars and lightning.

    Physical Properties

    • Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, remaining constant regardless of its state.
    • Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object or substance, capable of changing depending on its state.
    • Density is mass per unit volume, used to identify substances.
    • Buoyancy is the ability of an object to float or sink in a fluid, dependent on its density relative to the fluid.

    Sublimation

    • Sublimation is the process by which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas, without going through the liquid phase.
    • Examples of sublimation include dry ice (solid carbon dioxide), iodine crystals, and ammonium chloride.
    • Factors affecting sublimation rate include:
      • Temperature, which increases the sublimation rate
      • Pressure, which decreases the sublimation rate
      • Surface area, which increases the sublimation rate
      • Concentration, which increases the sublimation rate

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    Explore the different states of matter, including solids, liquids, gases, and plasmas, and learn about their physical properties like mass.

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