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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the phase change from solid to gas?
What is the term for the phase change from solid to gas?
Which property is considered an extensive property of matter?
Which property is considered an extensive property of matter?
Which method can be used to separate a mixture into pure substances?
Which method can be used to separate a mixture into pure substances?
What happens during the phase change of vaporization?
What happens during the phase change of vaporization?
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Which of the following is an intensive property of matter?
Which of the following is an intensive property of matter?
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Which state of matter has a definite shape and volume?
Which state of matter has a definite shape and volume?
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Which of the following statements is true about gases?
Which of the following statements is true about gases?
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What type of matter cannot be broken down into simpler substances?
What type of matter cannot be broken down into simpler substances?
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Which example represents a heterogeneous mixture?
Which example represents a heterogeneous mixture?
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Which state of matter is an ionized gas?
Which state of matter is an ionized gas?
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What is a characteristic of plasma?
What is a characteristic of plasma?
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Which of the following is a pure substance?
Which of the following is a pure substance?
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Which option describes a homogeneous mixture?
Which option describes a homogeneous mixture?
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Study Notes
States of Matter
- Solids have a definite shape and volume.
- Particles in solids are tightly packed and vibrate but do not move from place to place.
- Liquids have a definite volume but an indefinite shape.
- Particles in liquids are tightly packed but are far enough apart to slide over one another. They vibrate and move.
- Gases have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.
- Gas particles are far apart and move freely.
- Plasmas are like gases, having an indefinite shape and volume.
- Plasmas are ionized gases that conduct electricity.
- Plasmas are affected by magnetic fields.
- Examples of plasmas include flames, lightning, auroras, and stars.
Classification of Matter
- Pure Substances: Have the same composition throughout.
- Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Examples include sodium (Na), helium (He), oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2), and hydrogen (H2).
- Compounds can be broken down into elements. Example: water (H₂O)
- Mixtures: Composed of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.
- Homogeneous mixtures have the same properties throughout. Example: pure water
- Heterogeneous mixtures have different properties throughout. Example: a mixture of sand and water.
Phase Changes
- Melting: Solid to liquid; heat is absorbed.
- Freezing: Liquid to solid; heat is released.
- Vaporization (Boiling/Evaporation): Liquid to gas; heat is absorbed.
- Condensation: Gas to liquid; heat is released.
- Sublimation: Solid to gas; heat is absorbed.
Separation of Mixtures
- Mixtures can be separated using techniques like distillation and filtration.
Physical Properties of Matter
- Extensive Properties: Depend on the amount of substance (e.g., mass, volume).
- Intensive Properties: Independent of the amount of substance (e.g., boiling point, melting point, density).
Chemistry Defined
- Chemistry is the study of matter and its transformations.
Quiz Questions (Concepts to Explain)
- Properties of matter (extensive vs. intensive)
- Homogeneous solution
- Heterogeneous solution
- Element
- Compound
- Melting point
- Boiling point
- Solubility
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Description
Explore the different states of matter including solids, liquids, gases, and plasmas, along with their unique properties. Learn how matter is classified into pure substances and mixtures. Test your understanding of these fundamental concepts in this quiz!
