Statement of the Problem and Hypotheses Quiz

Statement of the Problem and Hypotheses

• A statement of the problem is a question that the study seeks to answer, presented in general and specific terms.
• The general statement refers to the main problem of the study, while specific questions are sub-problems arising from the general problem.
• Research hypotheses are tentative answers to the research problems, concerning possible relationships among research variables.
• Hypotheses are often stated negatively and are only necessary for research questions concerning correlation and difference.

Definition of Keywords

• Keywords are defined to promote a better understanding of the variables included in the study.
• Variables should be defined conceptually and operationally.

Research Design

• The research design utilized in the paper should be conceptually defined and described.
• The design should be explained in terms of how it was used in the study.

Research Locale and Sampling Procedures

• This section discusses the respondents/participants and their origin.
• Factors considered in selecting respondents are explained, including objectives of the study, availability of data, and variables to be measured.
• Inclusion and exclusion criteria are identified to stipulate the exact characteristics required for a participant to be included in the study.

Scope and Delimitation/Limitation

• This section defines the boundaries of the research by identifying what will and will not be covered by the investigation.
• The main objective of the study and the main variables included are identified.
• The period of the conduct of the study and the respondents/participants included are cited.

Research Instrument

• The researcher enumerates and explains the different tools employed in gathering data.
• Standardized instruments are described, including their contents and applicability to the study.
• In most cases, the researcher needs to develop their own instrument to suit the research objectives.

Data Gathering Procedures

• The researcher discusses the step-by-step procedure adopted in gathering the data.
• This includes securing a permit from proper authorities to distribution and retrieval of a questionnaire, interview schedule, and other procedures employed.

Data Management & Analysis

• The data analysis tools used in treating the gathered data per research objective are written.
• Tools used for quantitative research designs include frequency, percentage, mean, Pearson's r, Spearman's rho, t-test, etc.
• Tools used for qualitative research designs include content analysis, thematic analysis, discourse analysis, etc.

Ethical Considerations

• The ethical considerations for qualitative research involving participants are:
  • Informed consent
  • Privacy and confidentiality
  • Protection from harm
  • Risks and benefits
  • Data protection
  • Deception

Rigor of the Study (Quantitative) / Trustworthiness (Qualitative)

• Rigor in quantitative research refers to the strict adherence to established methodologies and the use of robust procedures to ensure the reliability and validity of study findings.
• Validity is the extent to which a research instrument accurately measures what it intends to measure.
• Reliability refers to the consistency of the measurement.