Statement of the Problem and Hypotheses Quiz

Study Notes

A statement of the problem is a question that the study seeks to answer, presented in general and specific terms.
The general statement refers to the main problem of the study, while specific questions are sub-problems arising from the general problem.
Research hypotheses are tentative answers to the research problems, concerning possible relationships among research variables.
Hypotheses are often stated negatively and are only necessary for research questions concerning correlation and difference.

Keywords are defined to promote a better understanding of the variables included in the study.
Variables should be defined conceptually and operationally.

The research design utilized in the paper should be conceptually defined and described.
The design should be explained in terms of how it was used in the study.

This section discusses the respondents/participants and their origin.
Factors considered in selecting respondents are explained, including objectives of the study, availability of data, and variables to be measured.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria are identified to stipulate the exact characteristics required for a participant to be included in the study.

This section defines the boundaries of the research by identifying what will and will not be covered by the investigation.
The main objective of the study and the main variables included are identified.
The period of the conduct of the study and the respondents/participants included are cited.

The researcher enumerates and explains the different tools employed in gathering data.
Standardized instruments are described, including their contents and applicability to the study.
In most cases, the researcher needs to develop their own instrument to suit the research objectives.

The researcher discusses the step-by-step procedure adopted in gathering the data.
This includes securing a permit from proper authorities to distribution and retrieval of a questionnaire, interview schedule, and other procedures employed.

The data analysis tools used in treating the gathered data per research objective are written.
Tools used for quantitative research designs include frequency, percentage, mean, Pearson's r, Spearman's rho, t-test, etc.
Tools used for qualitative research designs include content analysis, thematic analysis, discourse analysis, etc.

Rigor in quantitative research refers to the strict adherence to established methodologies and the use of robust procedures to ensure the reliability and validity of study findings.
Validity is the extent to which a research instrument accurately measures what it intends to measure.
Reliability refers to the consistency of the measurement.