Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of catabolism in metabolism?
What is the primary function of catabolism in metabolism?
- Build macromolecules
- Production of ATP in mitochondria
- Break down of complex molecules and release energy (correct)
- Oxidation of Acetyl CoA
Which molecules are produced in the cytosol during the breakdown of simple subunits?
Which molecules are produced in the cytosol during the breakdown of simple subunits?
- Amino Acids and Proteins
- Fatty Acids and Lipids
- Glucose and Starch
- Acetyl CoA, ATP, and NADH (correct)
In metabolism, what is the role of NADH as a molecule?
In metabolism, what is the role of NADH as a molecule?
- Building macromolecules in anabolism
- Energy carrier in glycolysis (correct)
- Oxidizing Acetyl CoA
- Transporting glucose into cells
Which of the following statements is true about glycolysis?
Which of the following statements is true about glycolysis?
What is the main product of fermentation of pyruvate?
What is the main product of fermentation of pyruvate?
Which molecule is the precursor for the production of ATP in glycolysis?
Which molecule is the precursor for the production of ATP in glycolysis?
What is the role of NADH in glycolysis?
What is the role of NADH in glycolysis?
Which process leads to the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis?
Which process leads to the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis?
What is the end product of the fermentation of pyruvate in anaerobic respiration?
What is the end product of the fermentation of pyruvate in anaerobic respiration?
Which statement best describes the energy output of metabolic pathways?
Which statement best describes the energy output of metabolic pathways?
What are the precursors to ATP and to NADH?
What are the precursors to ATP and to NADH?
Is NADH a reduced or oxidized molecule?
Is NADH a reduced or oxidized molecule?
How is the NADH going to be used?
How is the NADH going to be used?
What does gluconeogenesis involve?
What does gluconeogenesis involve?
Which statement is true regarding the energy output of glycolysis?
Which statement is true regarding the energy output of glycolysis?
What happens to pyruvate in the absence of oxygen?
What happens to pyruvate in the absence of oxygen?
Why is the regeneration of NAD important in glycolysis?
Why is the regeneration of NAD important in glycolysis?
What is the primary reason for the increased gluconeogenesis in the livers of rats with incapacitated hind limbs?
What is the primary reason for the increased gluconeogenesis in the livers of rats with incapacitated hind limbs?
Which enzyme is not involved in gluconeogenesis according to the text?
Which enzyme is not involved in gluconeogenesis according to the text?
What would be the result if hind-limb mobility is restored in rats regarding gluconeogenesis?
What would be the result if hind-limb mobility is restored in rats regarding gluconeogenesis?
Why do researchers observe synthesis of essential enzymes in rats with incapacitated hind limbs?
Why do researchers observe synthesis of essential enzymes in rats with incapacitated hind limbs?
What conclusion did researchers draw from the observation of increased gluconeogenesis in rats with muscle atrophy?
What conclusion did researchers draw from the observation of increased gluconeogenesis in rats with muscle atrophy?
Where does the Energy Investment Phase of glycolysis occur?
Where does the Energy Investment Phase of glycolysis occur?
What is the primary purpose of the Cleavage Phase in glycolysis?
What is the primary purpose of the Cleavage Phase in glycolysis?
Which organelle is responsible for the Oxidation of Acetyl CoA and ATP Production in glycolysis?
Which organelle is responsible for the Oxidation of Acetyl CoA and ATP Production in glycolysis?
In which part of the cell does the Breakdown of Simple Subunits into Acetyl CoA and ATP occur?
In which part of the cell does the Breakdown of Simple Subunits into Acetyl CoA and ATP occur?
What is the net outcome of the Energy Liberation Phase in glycolysis?
What is the net outcome of the Energy Liberation Phase in glycolysis?
What is the starting molecule for glycolysis?
What is the starting molecule for glycolysis?
What is the main difference between catabolism and anabolism in metabolism?
What is the main difference between catabolism and anabolism in metabolism?
During a redox reaction, what does reduction of a molecule involve?
During a redox reaction, what does reduction of a molecule involve?
Why does controlled oxidation benefit a cell more than simple burning of a molecule?
Why does controlled oxidation benefit a cell more than simple burning of a molecule?
In a redox reaction, what often accompanies the pickup of an electron by a molecule?
In a redox reaction, what often accompanies the pickup of an electron by a molecule?
What does cellular respiration primarily aim to generate from the breakdown of organic molecules?
What does cellular respiration primarily aim to generate from the breakdown of organic molecules?
How would you differentiate between metabolism and cellular respiration?
How would you differentiate between metabolism and cellular respiration?
What is the end product of Alcohol Fermentation?
What is the end product of Alcohol Fermentation?
How many ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule in Lactic Acid Fermentation?
How many ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule in Lactic Acid Fermentation?
What is the primary function of Dehydrogenase in cellular metabolism?
What is the primary function of Dehydrogenase in cellular metabolism?
Which phase of glycolysis generates ATP and NADH?
Which phase of glycolysis generates ATP and NADH?
What does Substrate Level Phosphorylation involve?
What does Substrate Level Phosphorylation involve?
Where does the process of pyruvate oxidation occur in a cell?
Where does the process of pyruvate oxidation occur in a cell?
What is the fate of the NADH and FADH2 produced during pyruvate oxidation?
What is the fate of the NADH and FADH2 produced during pyruvate oxidation?
What happens to the 2CO2 released during pyruvate oxidation?
What happens to the 2CO2 released during pyruvate oxidation?
Which part of the mitochondria invaginates into cristae?
Which part of the mitochondria invaginates into cristae?
What is the primary function of ATP synthase in aerobic respiration?
What is the primary function of ATP synthase in aerobic respiration?
Where does the majority of biochemistry occur in relation to the mitochondria structure?
Where does the majority of biochemistry occur in relation to the mitochondria structure?
Which component of the citric acid cycle leads to the production of ATP directly?
Which component of the citric acid cycle leads to the production of ATP directly?
What is the primary function of the inner mitochondrial membrane's specific transporters?
What is the primary function of the inner mitochondrial membrane's specific transporters?
Which molecule is NOT produced during the pyruvate oxidation process?
Which molecule is NOT produced during the pyruvate oxidation process?
What is the fate of the 3 NADH molecules produced during pyruvate oxidation?
What is the fate of the 3 NADH molecules produced during pyruvate oxidation?
Where does the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA occur during aerobic respiration?
Where does the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA occur during aerobic respiration?
Which enzyme complex is responsible for converting pyruvate into acetyl CoA?
Which enzyme complex is responsible for converting pyruvate into acetyl CoA?
What molecule does acetyl CoA bind to when it enters the citric acid cycle?
What molecule does acetyl CoA bind to when it enters the citric acid cycle?
How many reactions occur in the citric acid cycle?
How many reactions occur in the citric acid cycle?
Which molecule must be re-generated for the citric acid cycle to continue?
Which molecule must be re-generated for the citric acid cycle to continue?
What is one of the products of pyruvate decarboxylation?
What is one of the products of pyruvate decarboxylation?
In which cellular organelle does the citric acid cycle take place?
In which cellular organelle does the citric acid cycle take place?
How many ATP are produced per glucose molecule during the process of glycolysis and the TCA cycle combined?
How many ATP are produced per glucose molecule during the process of glycolysis and the TCA cycle combined?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the redox pair NADH and NAD+?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the redox pair NADH and NAD+?
Which molecule below undergoes reduction during cellular respiration?
Which molecule below undergoes reduction during cellular respiration?
Is FADH2 a reduced or oxidized molecule in the context of the electron transport chain?
Is FADH2 a reduced or oxidized molecule in the context of the electron transport chain?
What happens to the redox potential of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) components as electrons move through the chain?
What happens to the redox potential of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) components as electrons move through the chain?
Which of the following molecules is a better electron donor in cellular respiration?
Which of the following molecules is a better electron donor in cellular respiration?
How many high-energy electrons does FADH2 bring to the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)?
How many high-energy electrons does FADH2 bring to the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)?
Proton motive force is primarily a result of what during cellular respiration?
Proton motive force is primarily a result of what during cellular respiration?
What is the function of cytochromes in the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)?
What is the function of cytochromes in the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)?
What is the primary reason why the citric acid cycle stops almost immediately upon removal of oxygen?
What is the primary reason why the citric acid cycle stops almost immediately upon removal of oxygen?
What would occur if the proton motive force in the electron transport chain were reversed?
What would occur if the proton motive force in the electron transport chain were reversed?
How is pyruvate transported into the mitochondrial matrix?
How is pyruvate transported into the mitochondrial matrix?
What is the primary role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?
What is the primary role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?
Why do researchers observe a cessation of the citric acid cycle upon removal of oxygen?
Why do researchers observe a cessation of the citric acid cycle upon removal of oxygen?
Which component in cellular respiration directly uses oxygen as a reactant?
Which component in cellular respiration directly uses oxygen as a reactant?
What happens if ATP synthase functions in reverse during oxidative phosphorylation?
What happens if ATP synthase functions in reverse during oxidative phosphorylation?
What type of transport mechanism moves ATP into the intermembrane space?
What type of transport mechanism moves ATP into the intermembrane space?
How does the absence of oxygen impact the synthesis of ATP in the citric acid cycle?
How does the absence of oxygen impact the synthesis of ATP in the citric acid cycle?
Where is the electron transport chain located?
Where is the electron transport chain located?
What is the function of cytochromes in the electron transport chain?
What is the function of cytochromes in the electron transport chain?
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
What is the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?
What is the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?
What is the primary role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?
What is the primary role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?
Which molecules shuttle electrons between Complex III and Complex IV in the electron transport chain?
Which molecules shuttle electrons between Complex III and Complex IV in the electron transport chain?
What is the primary role of chemiosmotic coupling in cellular respiration?
What is the primary role of chemiosmotic coupling in cellular respiration?
Which region of the mitochondrion plays a key role in the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis?
Which region of the mitochondrion plays a key role in the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis?
From which metabolic processes do high-energy electrons for ATP production primarily originate?
From which metabolic processes do high-energy electrons for ATP production primarily originate?
What is the number of electrons donated by FADH2 for ATP production in cellular respiration?
What is the number of electrons donated by FADH2 for ATP production in cellular respiration?
Before donating their electrons, are NADH and FADH oxidized or reduced?
Before donating their electrons, are NADH and FADH oxidized or reduced?
Which cellular component contains the proteins involved in the electron transport chain in a mitochondrion?
Which cellular component contains the proteins involved in the electron transport chain in a mitochondrion?
Where is ATP synthase located within the mitochondria?
Where is ATP synthase located within the mitochondria?
What is the primary function of the F0 subunit within ATP synthase?
What is the primary function of the F0 subunit within ATP synthase?
What drives the rotation of the rotor within ATP synthase?
What drives the rotation of the rotor within ATP synthase?
What is a redox pair in cellular metabolism?
What is a redox pair in cellular metabolism?
What does redox potential measure?
What does redox potential measure?
How do protons contribute to ATP synthesis in mitochondria?
How do protons contribute to ATP synthesis in mitochondria?
Where are the protons moved to during photosynthesis?
Where are the protons moved to during photosynthesis?
What provides the energy to move protons in the process of photosynthesis?
What provides the energy to move protons in the process of photosynthesis?
How is the energy of the proton motive force used in photosynthesis?
How is the energy of the proton motive force used in photosynthesis?
Which enzyme is responsible for replacing the electrons that leave the reaction center of Photosystem II?
Which enzyme is responsible for replacing the electrons that leave the reaction center of Photosystem II?
During photosynthesis, where do the energized electrons leaving Photosystem II go next?
During photosynthesis, where do the energized electrons leaving Photosystem II go next?
What is the fate of the oxygen produced during photosynthesis?
What is the fate of the oxygen produced during photosynthesis?
Where in the chloroplast does the Calvin Cycle occur?
Where in the chloroplast does the Calvin Cycle occur?
What is the primary function of the thylakoid membrane in a chloroplast?
What is the primary function of the thylakoid membrane in a chloroplast?
What is the significance of the RuBisCO enzyme in photosynthesis?
What is the significance of the RuBisCO enzyme in photosynthesis?
What is the primary purpose of the cyclic photophosphorylation process in photosynthesis?
What is the primary purpose of the cyclic photophosphorylation process in photosynthesis?
What happens when O2 is fixed instead of CO2 during photosynthesis?
What happens when O2 is fixed instead of CO2 during photosynthesis?
In C4 plants, what is the purpose of separating steps into different locations using PEP and PEP carboxylase?
In C4 plants, what is the purpose of separating steps into different locations using PEP and PEP carboxylase?
What happens to the energized electrons as they leave Photosystem I?
What happens to the energized electrons as they leave Photosystem I?
What is the primary purpose of the ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions in photosynthesis?
What is the primary purpose of the ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions in photosynthesis?
True or False: The Calvin cycle occurs in the thylakoid space.
True or False: The Calvin cycle occurs in the thylakoid space.
What is produced instead of 3-phosphoglycerate when O2 is fixed during photorespiration?
What is produced instead of 3-phosphoglycerate when O2 is fixed during photorespiration?
What is the primary function of the triosephosphates produced during photosynthesis?
What is the primary function of the triosephosphates produced during photosynthesis?
Which of the following mechanisms have some plants evolved to avoid photorespiration?
Which of the following mechanisms have some plants evolved to avoid photorespiration?
Do all plant cells perform photosynthesis?
Do all plant cells perform photosynthesis?
Do all plant cells undergo cellular respiration?
Do all plant cells undergo cellular respiration?
What is the primary purpose of light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
What is the primary purpose of light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
Where do light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle) take place in a chloroplast?
Where do light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle) take place in a chloroplast?
When chlorophyll absorbs light energy, what happens to its electrons?
When chlorophyll absorbs light energy, what happens to its electrons?
What is the main function of the thylakoid membranes in a chloroplast during photosynthesis?
What is the main function of the thylakoid membranes in a chloroplast during photosynthesis?
Where are photosystems located within the chloroplast?
Where are photosystems located within the chloroplast?
Which organelle is responsible for converting light energy into chemical energy in photosynthesis?
Which organelle is responsible for converting light energy into chemical energy in photosynthesis?
In what order do Photosystem II and Photosystem I function in the electron transport chain?
In what order do Photosystem II and Photosystem I function in the electron transport chain?
What is the outcome of the light-independent reactions in photosynthesis?
What is the outcome of the light-independent reactions in photosynthesis?
What is the primary function of a proton motive force generated by Photosystems II and I?
What is the primary function of a proton motive force generated by Photosystems II and I?
Where do the excited electrons in Photosystem II end up after passing through the electron transport chain?
Where do the excited electrons in Photosystem II end up after passing through the electron transport chain?
What is the fate of the electrons from Photosystem I after being used to reduce NADP+ to NADPH?
What is the fate of the electrons from Photosystem I after being used to reduce NADP+ to NADPH?
How is oxygen generated by photosynthesis?
How is oxygen generated by photosynthesis?
How are the excited electrons that leave Photosystem II replaced?
How are the excited electrons that leave Photosystem II replaced?
Where does the Calvin Cycle occur?
Where does the Calvin Cycle occur?
What enzyme is responsible for the carbon fixation reaction?
What enzyme is responsible for the carbon fixation reaction?
What is produced when Rubisco combines RuBP and O2?
What is produced when Rubisco combines RuBP and O2?
What types of plants are C4 plants?
What types of plants are C4 plants?
How do C4 plants avoid photorespiration?
How do C4 plants avoid photorespiration?
What happens to the sugars produced by carbon fixation?
What happens to the sugars produced by carbon fixation?
What impact would the genetic mutation eliminating cristae from the mitochondria have on the energy production of round worms?
What impact would the genetic mutation eliminating cristae from the mitochondria have on the energy production of round worms?
How would the lack of cristae in the mitochondria affect the overall size and function of mutated yeast cells?
How would the lack of cristae in the mitochondria affect the overall size and function of mutated yeast cells?
Why does the citric acid cycle stop almost immediately upon removal of oxygen?
Why does the citric acid cycle stop almost immediately upon removal of oxygen?
Why was DNP used as a drug to help patients lose weight?
Why was DNP used as a drug to help patients lose weight?
Why would DNP as a weight loss drug be considered dangerous?
Why would DNP as a weight loss drug be considered dangerous?
How does the lack of cristae in mitochondria impact the efficiency of cellular respiration?
How does the lack of cristae in mitochondria impact the efficiency of cellular respiration?
What role does oxygen play in the electron carrier production related to the citric acid cycle?
What role does oxygen play in the electron carrier production related to the citric acid cycle?
