Podcast
Questions and Answers
The Accuracy of a Measurement System addresses _________________.
The Accuracy of a Measurement System addresses _________________.
Which element of waste best describes the cost of a resource being in the queue?
Which element of waste best describes the cost of a resource being in the queue?
Six Sigma refers to a process whose output has at least 80% of its data points within +/- 6 Standard Deviations from the Mean.
Six Sigma refers to a process whose output has at least 80% of its data points within +/- 6 Standard Deviations from the Mean.
False
When a Belt applies the practice of Poka-Yoke to a project challenge she is attempting to make certain the activity is _______________.
When a Belt applies the practice of Poka-Yoke to a project challenge she is attempting to make certain the activity is _______________.
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The difference between the largest observation and the smallest observation in the data set is known as the _______________.
The difference between the largest observation and the smallest observation in the data set is known as the _______________.
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The acronym for the defined approach taken by Lean Six Sigma to solve significant challenges related to a process is which of these?
The acronym for the defined approach taken by Lean Six Sigma to solve significant challenges related to a process is which of these?
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Which statement(s) are correct for the Regression Analysis shown here? (Note: There are 2 correct answers).
Which statement(s) are correct for the Regression Analysis shown here? (Note: There are 2 correct answers).
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To create standardization of financial benefit calculations project savings are typically based on savings over what period of time?
To create standardization of financial benefit calculations project savings are typically based on savings over what period of time?
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Lean focuses on the sequence of activities and work required to produce a product or a service. This flow is called a ___________________.
Lean focuses on the sequence of activities and work required to produce a product or a service. This flow is called a ___________________.
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The generation of a Regression Equation is justified when we _____________. (Note: There are 4 correct answers).
The generation of a Regression Equation is justified when we _____________. (Note: There are 4 correct answers).
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Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) can be classified as either Tangible (Visible) Costs or Hidden Costs.
Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) can be classified as either Tangible (Visible) Costs or Hidden Costs.
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A Belt gathered the following defect data for a shoe production line and wanted to assemble it into a Pareto Chart. The correct order from left to right in the chart would be:
A Belt gathered the following defect data for a shoe production line and wanted to assemble it into a Pareto Chart. The correct order from left to right in the chart would be:
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Which of these are correct if Cpk Upper is 2.0 and Cpk Lower is 1.0?
Which of these are correct if Cpk Upper is 2.0 and Cpk Lower is 1.0?
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Lean Enterprise is based on the premise that anywhere work is being done which of these is also occurring?
Lean Enterprise is based on the premise that anywhere work is being done which of these is also occurring?
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The higher the sigma level of a process the better the performance.
The higher the sigma level of a process the better the performance.
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A periodic time frame can be used to arrange for Control Limit and Center Line calculations with good SPC implementation in a process.
A periodic time frame can be used to arrange for Control Limit and Center Line calculations with good SPC implementation in a process.
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To draw inferences about a sample population being studied by modeling patterns of data in a way that accounts for randomness and uncertainty in the observations is known as ____________________.
To draw inferences about a sample population being studied by modeling patterns of data in a way that accounts for randomness and uncertainty in the observations is known as ____________________.
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Nominal Scale data consists of names, labels or categories and cannot be arranged in any mathematical ordering scheme. Complex arithmetic functions cannot be easily applied to Nominal Data.
Nominal Scale data consists of names, labels or categories and cannot be arranged in any mathematical ordering scheme. Complex arithmetic functions cannot be easily applied to Nominal Data.
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Hypothesis Tests determine the probabilities of differences between observed data and the hypothesis being solely due to ________ based on the result of the P-values.
Hypothesis Tests determine the probabilities of differences between observed data and the hypothesis being solely due to ________ based on the result of the P-values.
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Measurement System Analysis is a procedure used to quantify variation of the method or system used for taking measurements.
Measurement System Analysis is a procedure used to quantify variation of the method or system used for taking measurements.
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According to a manager it takes an average weekday commute of 39 minutes with a Standard Deviation of 7 minutes for the employees to get to work when they use their personal vehicles for their office commute while management set a policy of not more than 40 minutes for their daily one-way commute. A survey conducted one day on 70 employees showed an average of 34 minutes commuting time using the metro public transportation system with a Standard Deviation of 21 minutes. For the employees choosing to increase their chances to come on time using personal transportation their variation should be reduced to ___________?
According to a manager it takes an average weekday commute of 39 minutes with a Standard Deviation of 7 minutes for the employees to get to work when they use their personal vehicles for their office commute while management set a policy of not more than 40 minutes for their daily one-way commute. A survey conducted one day on 70 employees showed an average of 34 minutes commuting time using the metro public transportation system with a Standard Deviation of 21 minutes. For the employees choosing to increase their chances to come on time using personal transportation their variation should be reduced to ___________?
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Multiple Linear Regressions (MLR) is best used when which of these are applicable? (Note: There are 3 correct answers).
Multiple Linear Regressions (MLR) is best used when which of these are applicable? (Note: There are 3 correct answers).
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As a type of measurement error, Linearity describes a change in accuracy through the expected operating range of the measurement instrument.
As a type of measurement error, Linearity describes a change in accuracy through the expected operating range of the measurement instrument.
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Voice of the Customer is a Lean Six Sigma technique to determine __________________ attributes of a product or service.
Voice of the Customer is a Lean Six Sigma technique to determine __________________ attributes of a product or service.
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One of the metrics commonly used in Lean Six Sigma is DPU. This acronym stands for __________________.
One of the metrics commonly used in Lean Six Sigma is DPU. This acronym stands for __________________.
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When it comes to Control one of the most effective means of eliminating defects is to _________________.
When it comes to Control one of the most effective means of eliminating defects is to _________________.
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As a type of measurement error, Linearity describes a change in accuracy through the expected operating range of the measurement instrument.
As a type of measurement error, Linearity describes a change in accuracy through the expected operating range of the measurement instrument.
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In the late 1980’s William Smith coined the name Six Sigma for a methodology that had its origins at __________________ for quality related work being done there.
In the late 1980’s William Smith coined the name Six Sigma for a methodology that had its origins at __________________ for quality related work being done there.
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A primary benefit of using a Multi-Vari Chart is it provides a visual presentation of two-way interactions.
A primary benefit of using a Multi-Vari Chart is it provides a visual presentation of two-way interactions.
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A process can be defined as a repetitive and systematic series of steps or activities where inputs are modified or assembled to achieve a _______________ result.
A process can be defined as a repetitive and systematic series of steps or activities where inputs are modified or assembled to achieve a _______________ result.
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The ability to repeat the same measurement obtained with one measurement instrument used several times by one appraiser while measuring the identical characteristic on the same part is known as ____________.
The ability to repeat the same measurement obtained with one measurement instrument used several times by one appraiser while measuring the identical characteristic on the same part is known as ____________.
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Hypothesis Testing can save time and help avoid high costs of experimental efforts by using existing data.
Hypothesis Testing can save time and help avoid high costs of experimental efforts by using existing data.
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Which of these is Discrete data?
Which of these is Discrete data?
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The practice of utilizing Poka-Yoke is also known as ________________.
The practice of utilizing Poka-Yoke is also known as ________________.
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The 80:20 rule is associated with which of these tools?
The 80:20 rule is associated with which of these tools?
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Non-parametric testing is done when which of these are applicable?
Non-parametric testing is done when which of these are applicable?
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Which statement(s) are true about the Fitted Line Plot shown here?
Which statement(s) are true about the Fitted Line Plot shown here?
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The Mann-Whitney Test is used to test if the Means for two samples are different.
The Mann-Whitney Test is used to test if the Means for two samples are different.
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Process Capability is a function of which of these?
Process Capability is a function of which of these?
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Significant variation in process performance is a consequence of several causes classified as which of these?
Significant variation in process performance is a consequence of several causes classified as which of these?
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If the Standard Deviation is uncontrollable then the other option to increase the probability of coming in on time via personal vehicles to work could be _______________.
If the Standard Deviation is uncontrollable then the other option to increase the probability of coming in on time via personal vehicles to work could be _______________.
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Which of these 5S’s is primarily driven by management?
Which of these 5S’s is primarily driven by management?
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It is a Type I error if we reject the Null Hypothesis when it is actually true.
It is a Type I error if we reject the Null Hypothesis when it is actually true.
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The data on SPC charts are typically constructed such that they have the most recent data point on the right-hand side.
The data on SPC charts are typically constructed such that they have the most recent data point on the right-hand side.
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Lean had its origins in the development and practice of the ___________ Production System.
Lean had its origins in the development and practice of the ___________ Production System.
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According to a manager it takes an average weekday commute of 39 minutes with a Standard Deviation of 7 minutes. A survey showed an average of 34 minutes commuting time using the metro public transportation system. Assuming a Normal Distribution for the commute times, which of these is true?
According to a manager it takes an average weekday commute of 39 minutes with a Standard Deviation of 7 minutes. A survey showed an average of 34 minutes commuting time using the metro public transportation system. Assuming a Normal Distribution for the commute times, which of these is true?
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A Stable process is a process whose output is consistent over time. A primary tool used to analyze Stability would be a ________________.
A Stable process is a process whose output is consistent over time. A primary tool used to analyze Stability would be a ________________.
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In order to standardize project savings financial calculation such project benefits can be compared over what period of time?
In order to standardize project savings financial calculation such project benefits can be compared over what period of time?
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An employee of ACME Corporation noticed that every loan application that gets approved is copied four times and is stored in different locations in the company for no apparent reason. This would be an example of _________________.
An employee of ACME Corporation noticed that every loan application that gets approved is copied four times and is stored in different locations in the company for no apparent reason. This would be an example of _________________.
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Customers make a purchase decision based on a number of factors. In Lean Six Sigma we refer to these decision points as CTQ’s which stands for __________.
Customers make a purchase decision based on a number of factors. In Lean Six Sigma we refer to these decision points as CTQ’s which stands for __________.
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Training cost is $4,000 and a project required an initial investment of $30,000. If the project yields monthly savings of $2,000 beginning after 3 months, what is the payback period in months (before money costs and taxes)?
Training cost is $4,000 and a project required an initial investment of $30,000. If the project yields monthly savings of $2,000 beginning after 3 months, what is the payback period in months (before money costs and taxes)?
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According to the definition of Rolled Throughput Yield which of these items best describes the purpose of RTY?
According to the definition of Rolled Throughput Yield which of these items best describes the purpose of RTY?
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Which of these is Discrete data?
Which of these is Discrete data?
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The X-Y Diagram is a tool used to identify/collate potential X's and assess their relative impact on multiple Y's.
The X-Y Diagram is a tool used to identify/collate potential X's and assess their relative impact on multiple Y's.
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The proper functioning of a Visual Factory is dependent upon which of these?
The proper functioning of a Visual Factory is dependent upon which of these?
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Which of the following is used to test the significance for the analysis of a Variance Table?
Which of the following is used to test the significance for the analysis of a Variance Table?
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Nominal Scale data consists of names, labels or categories and cannot be arranged in any mathematical ordering scheme.
Nominal Scale data consists of names, labels or categories and cannot be arranged in any mathematical ordering scheme.
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Which element of waste best describes 'the unnecessary movement of materials and/or goods'?
Which element of waste best describes 'the unnecessary movement of materials and/or goods'?
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Voice of the Customer is a Lean Six Sigma technique to determine ____________________ attributes of a product or service.
Voice of the Customer is a Lean Six Sigma technique to determine ____________________ attributes of a product or service.
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A Stable process is a process whose output is consistent over time. A primary tool used to analyze Stability would be a ________________.
A Stable process is a process whose output is consistent over time. A primary tool used to analyze Stability would be a ________________.
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What is the Cycle Time, in minutes, for a process having a Throughput of 360 units per hour?
What is the Cycle Time, in minutes, for a process having a Throughput of 360 units per hour?
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If the Standard Deviation is uncontrollable then the other option to increase the probability of coming in on time via personal vehicles to work could be ______________?
If the Standard Deviation is uncontrollable then the other option to increase the probability of coming in on time via personal vehicles to work could be ______________?
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The Standard Deviation for the distribution of Means is called the ___________ and approaches zero as the sample size reaches 30.
The Standard Deviation for the distribution of Means is called the ___________ and approaches zero as the sample size reaches 30.
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If a project requires an initial investment of $47,500 and yields monthly savings of $3,500 after 4 months, what is the payback period in months, before money costs and taxes?
If a project requires an initial investment of $47,500 and yields monthly savings of $3,500 after 4 months, what is the payback period in months, before money costs and taxes?
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The Mann-Whitney Test is used to test if the means for two samples are different.
The Mann-Whitney Test is used to test if the means for two samples are different.
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When two inputs have an impact on the output together yet seem to have no or little impact on their own, this is called a/an ______________.
When two inputs have an impact on the output together yet seem to have no or little impact on their own, this is called a/an ______________.
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Non-parametric testing is done when which of these are applicable? (Select all that apply)
Non-parametric testing is done when which of these are applicable? (Select all that apply)
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The use of Kanbans work best with pull systems for determining the timing of products or services produced.
The use of Kanbans work best with pull systems for determining the timing of products or services produced.
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What is the reported Cpk for a process with an average of 94 units, a spread of 22 units and upper and lower specification limits of 125 and 80 units?
What is the reported Cpk for a process with an average of 94 units, a spread of 22 units and upper and lower specification limits of 125 and 80 units?
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Long-term data represents all the variation that one can expect within the subject process.
Long-term data represents all the variation that one can expect within the subject process.
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Conducting a viable Capability Analysis using Attribute Data requires a fairly large sample set to be statistically sound.
Conducting a viable Capability Analysis using Attribute Data requires a fairly large sample set to be statistically sound.
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Some approaches used in Lean include which of the following?
Some approaches used in Lean include which of the following?
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Which statement(s) describe an undesirable situation when implementing SPC? (Select all that apply)
Which statement(s) describe an undesirable situation when implementing SPC? (Select all that apply)
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For the data shown here, which statement(s) are true for proper Hypothesis Testing?
For the data shown here, which statement(s) are true for proper Hypothesis Testing?
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According to a manager, it takes an average weekday commute of 39 minutes with a standard deviation of 7 minutes. For a survey conducted on 70 employees with an average of 34 minutes commuting time using public transportation with a standard deviation of 21 minutes, their variation should be reduced to ___________.
According to a manager, it takes an average weekday commute of 39 minutes with a standard deviation of 7 minutes. For a survey conducted on 70 employees with an average of 34 minutes commuting time using public transportation with a standard deviation of 21 minutes, their variation should be reduced to ___________.
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Which of these statements is true about the 80:20 rule, associated with which of these tools?
Which of these statements is true about the 80:20 rule, associated with which of these tools?
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The Z score is a measure of the distance in standard deviations of a sample data point from the median of the sample population.
The Z score is a measure of the distance in standard deviations of a sample data point from the median of the sample population.
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Multiple Linear Regressions (MLR) is best used when which of these are applicable? (Select all that apply)
Multiple Linear Regressions (MLR) is best used when which of these are applicable? (Select all that apply)
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Which of the following items best describe the purpose of Rolled Throughput Yield (RTY)?
Which of the following items best describe the purpose of Rolled Throughput Yield (RTY)?
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The essence of Lean is to concentrate effort on removing waste while improving process flow to achieve speed and agility at lower cost.
The essence of Lean is to concentrate effort on removing waste while improving process flow to achieve speed and agility at lower cost.
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Which statement(s) describe an undesirable situation when implementing SPC? (Select all that apply)
Which statement(s) describe an undesirable situation when implementing SPC? (Select all that apply)
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If the data displayed in a histogram shows two peaks, the distribution would likely be _____________.
If the data displayed in a histogram shows two peaks, the distribution would likely be _____________.
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It is a Type II error if we decide to reject the Null Hypothesis when it is actually true.
It is a Type II error if we decide to reject the Null Hypothesis when it is actually true.
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Bias in sampling is an error due to lack of independence among random samples or due to systematic sampling procedures.
Bias in sampling is an error due to lack of independence among random samples or due to systematic sampling procedures.
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The Alpha level of a test (level of significance) represents the yardstick against which P-values are measured, and the null hypothesis is rejected if the P-value is which of these?
The Alpha level of a test (level of significance) represents the yardstick against which P-values are measured, and the null hypothesis is rejected if the P-value is which of these?
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SPC charts typically have the most recent data point on the right-hand side.
SPC charts typically have the most recent data point on the right-hand side.
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Lean Six Sigma’s general approach to solving significant challenges related to a process is called _______________?
Lean Six Sigma’s general approach to solving significant challenges related to a process is called _______________?
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Lean focuses on the sequence of activities and work required to produce a product or a service. This flow is called a ___________________.
Lean focuses on the sequence of activities and work required to produce a product or a service. This flow is called a ___________________.
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The actual experimental response data varied from what was predicted due to inefficiency of estimates.
The actual experimental response data varied from what was predicted due to inefficiency of estimates.
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What is the Cycle Time, in seconds, for a process having a throughput of 7,200 units per hour?
What is the Cycle Time, in seconds, for a process having a throughput of 7,200 units per hour?
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Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) can be classified as Tangible (Visible) Costs and Hidden Costs.
Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) can be classified as Tangible (Visible) Costs and Hidden Costs.
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When looking at a distribution graph, the mean is defined as the __________.
When looking at a distribution graph, the mean is defined as the __________.
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This output is what type of advanced Capability Analysis?
This output is what type of advanced Capability Analysis?
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A 1-Sample t-test is used when you want to compare the median of one distribution to a target value.
A 1-Sample t-test is used when you want to compare the median of one distribution to a target value.
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Hypothesis Testing can help avoid high costs of experimental efforts by using existing data.
Hypothesis Testing can help avoid high costs of experimental efforts by using existing data.
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The use of the ________ approach is the most classic arrangement when constructing a Fishbone Diagram.
The use of the ________ approach is the most classic arrangement when constructing a Fishbone Diagram.
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A Lean Principle that addresses efficiency by the process worker is called ____________________?
A Lean Principle that addresses efficiency by the process worker is called ____________________?
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The Accuracy of a Measurement System addresses _________________.
The Accuracy of a Measurement System addresses _________________.
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__________ distributions occur when data comes from several sources that are supposed to be the same yet are not.
__________ distributions occur when data comes from several sources that are supposed to be the same yet are not.
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A Belt experienced an Alpha of .05 and a Beta of .10 and knew these are the most common risk levels when running a statistical test.
A Belt experienced an Alpha of .05 and a Beta of .10 and knew these are the most common risk levels when running a statistical test.
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When constructing a Fishbone Diagram using the ________ approach is the most classic arrangement.
When constructing a Fishbone Diagram using the ________ approach is the most classic arrangement.
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One of the metrics commonly used in Lean Six Sigma is DPU. This acronym stands for __________________.
One of the metrics commonly used in Lean Six Sigma is DPU. This acronym stands for __________________.
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Which statement(s) are correct for the Regression Analysis shown here? (Select all that apply)
Which statement(s) are correct for the Regression Analysis shown here? (Select all that apply)
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Lean Enterprise is based on the premise that anywhere work is being done which of these is also occurring?
Lean Enterprise is based on the premise that anywhere work is being done which of these is also occurring?
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Fractional Factorial designs for an experimental approach are used when ____________ about the multiple metric interaction in a process.
Fractional Factorial designs for an experimental approach are used when ____________ about the multiple metric interaction in a process.
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The 5 Why Analysis is only useful if the possible independent variable can be broken down into five possible causes.
The 5 Why Analysis is only useful if the possible independent variable can be broken down into five possible causes.
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While management of a company must set the stage for all improvement efforts, which of these 5S’s is primarily driven by management?
While management of a company must set the stage for all improvement efforts, which of these 5S’s is primarily driven by management?
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The purpose of a Process Map is to identify the complexity of the process and to assist in identifying critical steps in the process.
The purpose of a Process Map is to identify the complexity of the process and to assist in identifying critical steps in the process.
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The Six Sigma methodology had its origins at __________________ in the late 1980’s when William Smith coined the name for quality-related work being done there.
The Six Sigma methodology had its origins at __________________ in the late 1980’s when William Smith coined the name for quality-related work being done there.
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Measurement error is defined as the effect of all sources of measurement variability that caused an observed or measured value to deviate from the __________.
Measurement error is defined as the effect of all sources of measurement variability that caused an observed or measured value to deviate from the __________.
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If a process has Outliers which pair of charts is most preferable if subgroups will exist for the continuous data?
If a process has Outliers which pair of charts is most preferable if subgroups will exist for the continuous data?
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The Alpha level of a test (level of significance) represents the yardstick against which P-values are measured. The Null Hypothesis is rejected if the P-value is which of these?
The Alpha level of a test (level of significance) represents the yardstick against which P-values are measured. The Null Hypothesis is rejected if the P-value is which of these?
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A Six Sigma tool that helps to screen factors by using graphical techniques to logically subgroup multiple discrete X's plotted against a continuous Y is known as a _____________ Chart.
A Six Sigma tool that helps to screen factors by using graphical techniques to logically subgroup multiple discrete X's plotted against a continuous Y is known as a _____________ Chart.
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The Regression Model for an observed value of Y contains the term ?o which represents the Y axis intercept when X = 0.
The Regression Model for an observed value of Y contains the term ?o which represents the Y axis intercept when X = 0.
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A Belt concludes a Lean Six Sigma project with the creation of a Control Plan. At what point can the Control Plan be closed?
A Belt concludes a Lean Six Sigma project with the creation of a Control Plan. At what point can the Control Plan be closed?
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Select all the statements that are true after reviewing the Capability Analysis shown here. (Note: There are 4 correct answers)
Select all the statements that are true after reviewing the Capability Analysis shown here. (Note: There are 4 correct answers)
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To draw inferences about a sample population being studied by modeling patterns of data in a way that accounts for randomness and uncertainty in the observations is known as ____________________.
To draw inferences about a sample population being studied by modeling patterns of data in a way that accounts for randomness and uncertainty in the observations is known as ____________________.
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The Purchase Orders for Glenn Manufacturing Company were being copied by an employee and sent to four different departments yet only one department took an action based on the information in the PO. This is an example of _____________.
The Purchase Orders for Glenn Manufacturing Company were being copied by an employee and sent to four different departments yet only one department took an action based on the information in the PO. This is an example of _____________.
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Having an Alpha of .05 and a Beta of .10 are the most common risk levels when running a Statistical test.
Having an Alpha of .05 and a Beta of .10 are the most common risk levels when running a Statistical test.
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Which of the following is used to test the significance for the analysis of a Variance Table?
Which of the following is used to test the significance for the analysis of a Variance Table?
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Standardized work instructions apply to which resource in the process of interest?
Standardized work instructions apply to which resource in the process of interest?
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Which element of waste best describes 'the cost of an idle resource'?
Which element of waste best describes 'the cost of an idle resource'?
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SPC on the outputs is more preferred than SPC on the inputs when implementing SPC for your process.
SPC on the outputs is more preferred than SPC on the inputs when implementing SPC for your process.
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Kanbans work best with pull systems for determining the timing of which products or services are produced.
Kanbans work best with pull systems for determining the timing of which products or services are produced.
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The essence of Lean is to concentrate effort on removing waste while improving process flow to achieve speed and agility at lower cost.
The essence of Lean is to concentrate effort on removing waste while improving process flow to achieve speed and agility at lower cost.
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Skewed, or Mixed, Distributions occur when data comes from several sources that are supposed to be the same yet are not.
Skewed, or Mixed, Distributions occur when data comes from several sources that are supposed to be the same yet are not.
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The deviation of the measured value from the actual value is known as _____________.
The deviation of the measured value from the actual value is known as _____________.
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Examples of a Visual Factory include which of these? (Note: There are 2 correct answers)
Examples of a Visual Factory include which of these? (Note: There are 2 correct answers)
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Contingency Tables are used to perform which of these functions?
Contingency Tables are used to perform which of these functions?
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Examples of Mistake Proofing for a laptop computer include which of these? (Note: There are 2 correct answers)
Examples of Mistake Proofing for a laptop computer include which of these? (Note: There are 2 correct answers)
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After a Belt has put data through the smoothing process which chart would be used to look for trends in the data?
After a Belt has put data through the smoothing process which chart would be used to look for trends in the data?
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With the use of statistics we define the population to be a large enough sample set of data such that you can analyze it and draw conclusions as to all of the data.
With the use of statistics we define the population to be a large enough sample set of data such that you can analyze it and draw conclusions as to all of the data.
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The Regression Model for an observed value of Y contains the term ?o which represents the Y axis intercept when X = 0.
The Regression Model for an observed value of Y contains the term ?o which represents the Y axis intercept when X = 0.
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Hypothesis Tests determine the probabilities of differences between observed data and the hypothesis being solely due to chance.
Hypothesis Tests determine the probabilities of differences between observed data and the hypothesis being solely due to chance.
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Lean removes many forms of ______________ so Six Sigma can focus on reducing _______________.
Lean removes many forms of ______________ so Six Sigma can focus on reducing _______________.
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The Lean Principle action in the 5S approach that deals with having those items needed regularly at hand and those items less regularly stored out of the way is known as ___________.
The Lean Principle action in the 5S approach that deals with having those items needed regularly at hand and those items less regularly stored out of the way is known as ___________.
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A 1-Sample t-test is used to compare an expected population Mean to a target.
A 1-Sample t-test is used to compare an expected population Mean to a target.
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Conducting a viable Capability Analysis using Attribute Data one must obtain a fairly large sample set to be statistically sound.
Conducting a viable Capability Analysis using Attribute Data one must obtain a fairly large sample set to be statistically sound.
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Which element of waste best describes 'the unnecessary movement of materials and/or goods'?
Which element of waste best describes 'the unnecessary movement of materials and/or goods'?
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The Z score is a measure of the distance in Standard Deviations of a sample data point from the Median of the sample population.
The Z score is a measure of the distance in Standard Deviations of a sample data point from the Median of the sample population.
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Those who are trained to the skill levels of a Black Belt are typically utilized to apply Lean Six Sigma methodologies what percentage of their time?
Those who are trained to the skill levels of a Black Belt are typically utilized to apply Lean Six Sigma methodologies what percentage of their time?
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When a Belt is analyzing sample data she should keep in mind that 95% of Normally Distributed data is within +/- 2 Standard Deviations from the Mean.
When a Belt is analyzing sample data she should keep in mind that 95% of Normally Distributed data is within +/- 2 Standard Deviations from the Mean.
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When constructing a Fishbone Diagram using the ________ approach is the most classic arrangement.
When constructing a Fishbone Diagram using the ________ approach is the most classic arrangement.
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The Central Limit Theorem helps us understand the ___________ we are taking and is the basis for using sampling to estimate population parameters.
The Central Limit Theorem helps us understand the ___________ we are taking and is the basis for using sampling to estimate population parameters.
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When analyzing a data set we frequently graph one metric as a function of another. If the slope of the correlation line is -2.5 we would say the two metrics are ___________ correlated.
When analyzing a data set we frequently graph one metric as a function of another. If the slope of the correlation line is -2.5 we would say the two metrics are ___________ correlated.
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Lean removes many forms of ______________ so Six Sigma can focus on reducing _______________.
Lean removes many forms of ______________ so Six Sigma can focus on reducing _______________.
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The ability to repeat the same measurement obtained with one measurement instrument used several times by one appraiser while measuring the identical characteristic on the same part is known as ____________.
The ability to repeat the same measurement obtained with one measurement instrument used several times by one appraiser while measuring the identical characteristic on the same part is known as ____________.
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After a Belt has put data through the smoothing process which chart would be used to look for trends in the data?
After a Belt has put data through the smoothing process which chart would be used to look for trends in the data?
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The perfect sample size is the minimum number of data points required to provide exactly 6% overlap or risk if one wants a 95% confidence level.
The perfect sample size is the minimum number of data points required to provide exactly 6% overlap or risk if one wants a 95% confidence level.
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Inferential Statistics is largely about Significance. There are both Practical and _______________ Significance to consider during an analysis of data in a Lean Six Sigma project.
Inferential Statistics is largely about Significance. There are both Practical and _______________ Significance to consider during an analysis of data in a Lean Six Sigma project.
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Measurement System Analysis is a procedure used to quantify all ____________ in the method or system used for taking measurements.
Measurement System Analysis is a procedure used to quantify all ____________ in the method or system used for taking measurements.
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The Empirical Rule is important because it provides an estimate of the probability of an event occurring depending on the Standard Deviation from the Mean.
The Empirical Rule is important because it provides an estimate of the probability of an event occurring depending on the Standard Deviation from the Mean.
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Fractional Factorial designs for an experimental approach are used when ____________ about the multiple metric interaction in a process.
Fractional Factorial designs for an experimental approach are used when ____________ about the multiple metric interaction in a process.
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The use of station warning lights, tool boards and jidohka devices in the application of Lean accomplish which of these principles?
The use of station warning lights, tool boards and jidohka devices in the application of Lean accomplish which of these principles?
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The X-Y Diagram is a tool used to identify/collate potential X's and assess their relative impact on multiple Y's.
The X-Y Diagram is a tool used to identify/collate potential X's and assess their relative impact on multiple Y's.
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As part of a Visual Factory plan kanban cards are created and utilized to identify areas in need of cleaning and organization.
As part of a Visual Factory plan kanban cards are created and utilized to identify areas in need of cleaning and organization.
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Process Capability is a function of which of these?
Process Capability is a function of which of these?
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A 1-Sample t-test is used when you want to compare the Median of one distribution to a target value.
A 1-Sample t-test is used when you want to compare the Median of one distribution to a target value.
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As part of a Visual Factory plan __________ cards are created and utilized to identify areas in need of cleaning and organization.
As part of a Visual Factory plan __________ cards are created and utilized to identify areas in need of cleaning and organization.
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After reviewing the Capability Analysis shown here select the statement(s) that are untrue.
After reviewing the Capability Analysis shown here select the statement(s) that are untrue.
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Significant variation in process performance is a consequence of several causes that can be classified using terminologies shown here. (Note: There are 2 correct answers).
Significant variation in process performance is a consequence of several causes that can be classified using terminologies shown here. (Note: There are 2 correct answers).
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A Belt will occasionally do a quick experiment referred to as an OFAT which stands for ____________________.
A Belt will occasionally do a quick experiment referred to as an OFAT which stands for ____________________.
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A primary benefit of using a Multi-Vari Chart is it provides a visual presentation of two-way interactions.
A primary benefit of using a Multi-Vari Chart is it provides a visual presentation of two-way interactions.
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A process can be defined as a repetitive and systematic series of steps or activities where inputs are modified or assembled to achieve a customer desired result.
A process can be defined as a repetitive and systematic series of steps or activities where inputs are modified or assembled to achieve a customer desired result.
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Due to excessive pollution, GREEN Solutions Inc. is considering subsidizing public transportation to work for its employees. According to the manager, it takes an average weekday commute of 39 minutes with a Standard Deviation of 7 minutes for the employees to get to work while they use their personal vehicles for their office commute. The management set a policy of not more than 40 minutes for their daily one-way commute. A survey conducted one day on 70 employees showed an average of 34 minutes commuting time using the metro public transportation system with a Standard Deviation of 21 minutes. Assuming a Normal Distribution for the commute times by either personal or public transportation, which of these is true?
Due to excessive pollution, GREEN Solutions Inc. is considering subsidizing public transportation to work for its employees. According to the manager, it takes an average weekday commute of 39 minutes with a Standard Deviation of 7 minutes for the employees to get to work while they use their personal vehicles for their office commute. The management set a policy of not more than 40 minutes for their daily one-way commute. A survey conducted one day on 70 employees showed an average of 34 minutes commuting time using the metro public transportation system with a Standard Deviation of 21 minutes. Assuming a Normal Distribution for the commute times by either personal or public transportation, which of these is true?
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The deviation of the measured value from the actual value regardless of the operator is known as ____________.
The deviation of the measured value from the actual value regardless of the operator is known as ____________.
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Unequal Variances can be the result of differing types of distributions.
Unequal Variances can be the result of differing types of distributions.
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This output is what type of advanced Capability Analysis?
This output is what type of advanced Capability Analysis?
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Study Notes
Six Sigma and Quality Management
- Six Sigma methodology, coined by William Smith in the late 1980s, originated at Motorola.
- A Multi-Vari Chart visualizes two-way interactions in processes to aid understanding.
- Processes are structured for systematic iterations to achieve customer-desired outcomes.
Measurement Concepts
- Repeatability refers to consistent measurements by the same instrument on the same part.
- Hypothesis Testing uses existing data to save time and reduce experimental costs.
- Discrete data Example: 12 out of 42 people on a bus went into the station.
Lean and Process Improvement
- Poka-Yoke, or mistake-proofing, helps in error prevention within processes.
- The 80:20 rule is represented by the Pareto Chart, highlighting the most significant factors.
- Non-parametric testing is utilized when traditional tests yield inadequate results, focusing on population medians.
Process and Capability Analysis
- Process Capability depends on customer requirements, process performance, and output consistency.
- Significant variations in process performance are categorized as common or special causes.
- A Stable process yields consistent output over time, with Time Series Plots commonly used for analysis.
Transportation and Commute Times
- Average commute using personal vehicles is 39 minutes with a standard deviation of 7 minutes.
- Metro public transport averages 34 minutes with a standard deviation of 21 minutes.
- To improve on-time arrival, reducing average commute time by departing earlier is suggested.
Quality Control and Statistical Techniques
- Type I error occurs when rejecting a true null hypothesis.
- Control Charts illustrate data trends with the latest data point positioned to the right.
- SPC charts help visualize process standards and control limits over time.
Lean Manufacturing Origins
- Lean principles have origins in the Toyota Production System, focusing on waste elimination and efficiency.
Project Management and Economic Analysis
- A Control Plan is vital to sustain process improvements; it remains active indefinitely.
- Calculating project financial savings typically covers a 12-month period for standardization.
- Rolled Throughput Yield (RTY) accounts for losses due to rework and scrap.
Data Analysis Techniques
- Cause and Effect Diagrams assist in identifying root causes affecting processes.
- Contingency Tables compare multiple sample proportions and attribute data.
- The Mann-Whitney Test does not assess differences in sample means.
Statistical Terms and Metrics
- Standard Error measures the distribution of means; it approaches zero as sample size increases.
- The Empirical Rule estimates the likelihood of events occurring based on standard deviations.
- The correct interpretation of Mean is the average of the sample size for data analysis.
Waste and Efficiency in Processes
- Unnecessary movement of materials is categorized as motion waste.
- Voice of the Customer identifies Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) attributes for product and service improvement.
Payback Period and Financial Considerations
- Initial project investments with monthly savings lead to specific payback periods based on calculations of total outlay versus savings.
General Knowledge in Statistical Processes
- Training and financial investments determine processes with expected savings; understanding means, medians, and sample data variation is crucial for efficient management and decision-making.
Capability Analysis and Lean Principles
- A viable Capability Analysis requires a large sample set to ensure statistical reliability.
- Lean approaches utilize visible problem detection methods like station warning lights and tool boards to enhance process efficiency.
- Important undesirable situations in Statistical Process Control (SPC) include Control Limits wider than customer specifications and a process in control prior to implementing SPC.
Hypothesis Testing and Statistical Methods
- For testing if three grades provide the same results, the Mood’s Median test is suitable for Central Tendency.
- Changes to variation in commuting times for personal transportation can be quantified; a common reduction target is 3.5 minutes.
- The Central Limit Theorem provides insights into risk assessment during sampling to estimate population parameters.
Statistical Concepts
- In a Normal Distribution, Mean, Median, and Mode align at the same point.
- The Alpha level indicates significance in hypothesis testing, rejecting the Null Hypothesis if the P-value is less than Alpha.
- Measurement error arises from all sources that cause deviations from the true value.
Lean Six Sigma Focus
- Definition of CTQ (Critical-to-quality) points essential in customer purchase decisions.
- Lean principles emphasize removing waste and improving flow for speed and agility.
- The purpose of a Process Map is to simplify process complexity and identify critical steps.
Tools and Techniques
- The 5 Why Analysis is useful for root cause identification of issues, needing more than five causes is inefficient.
- Standardized work instructions are essential for ensuring consistent performance among people in a process.
- SPC charts typically place the most recent data point on the right for clarity.
Regression Analysis and Distribution
- Multiple Linear Regression is appropriate when analyzing relationships between a single output and multiple inputs.
- Bimodal distributions indicate data originating from multiple sources, each with distinct characteristics; observed in histograms with two peaks.
- Control Plans remain living documents, evolving as processes are improved.
Quality Metrics
- DPU (Defects per Unit) measures performance reliability in Lean Six Sigma.
- Costs of Poor Quality (COPQ) differentiate between tangible and hidden costs, crucial for understanding financial impacts.
- The essence of Lean is focused on eliminating waste to optimize processes effectively.
Sample Size and Statistical Testing
- Bias in sampling arises from a lack of independence in random samples, highlighting the need for rigorous sampling methods.
- Testing for variance significance usually employs the F Test, fundamental in quality control analyses.
- Understanding cycle time as the inverse of throughput is key; for 7,200 units/hour, cycle time equals 0.5 seconds.
Importance of Visual Management
- A Visual Factory relies on visual tools to manage processes effectively, driving clarity and efficiency.
- The application of SPC is preferred on outputs rather than inputs, providing a clearer view of process performance.
Final Notes
- Lean Enterprise models emphasize waste generation as a consistent aspect of all work processes, indicating focus areas for improvement.
- Alpha and Beta risk levels of .05 and .10 are standard benchmarks in statistical tests, guiding decision-making in quality initiatives.
- Understanding biases and measurement accuracy ensures effective use of statistical analyses in quality management.### Kanban and Lean Principles
- Kanbans integrate best with pull systems, effectively determining production timing.
- Lean methodology emphasizes waste elimination and improved flow for enhanced speed and cost efficiency.
Statistical Concepts
- Skewed distributions arise from inconsistent data sources expected to be uniform.
- Bias defines the deviation of measured values from true values, while linearity, repeatability, and movement relate to measurement accuracy and reliability.
Visual Factory and Mistake Proofing
- Visual Factory examples include white outlines for inventory and colored indicators for gauge readings.
- Mistake Proofing for laptops consists of features like battery alignment pins and USB connections for mice.
Analysis and Testing Methods
- Contingency tables facilitate the comparison of multiple sample proportions.
- After data smoothing, use a Moving Average Chart to track trends.
- Outlier presence favors using Xbar-R charts for continuous data analysis.
Statistical Significance and Capability Analysis
- Inferential Statistics emphasize significance, requiring practical and statistical significance considerations.
- Process Capability depends on customer requirements, performance, and time-based output assessment.
Lean Six Sigma Methodologies
- Lean methods focus on optimizing value streams and waste reduction for enhanced processes.
- The DMAIC framework structures solution approaches in Lean Six Sigma for process challenges.
Measurement and Variation
- Common causes and special causes distinguish between variations in process performance.
- Measurement System Analysis quantifies variations stemming from measurement systems.
Regression and Statistical Models
- Use regression when expecting a linear relationship between outputs and inputs to control process outputs effectively.
- The Central Limit Theorem supports understanding sampling risks and estimating population parameters.
Process Management and Improvement
- The Z score provides a standardized measure of distance from the mean within sample data.
- A Fishbone Diagram applies the 6M framework to categorize potential causes and effects in processes.
Waste and Efficiency in Lean Practices
- Lean targets waste in movement, inventory, and processing to streamline operations.
- Poka-Yoke applies error-proofing techniques to minimize mistakes in operational tasks.
General Statistical Understanding
- Nominal Scale data categorizes without inherent order, limiting advanced statistical operations.
- Understanding hypothesis testing relies on determining the role of chance in observed differences.
Practical Application of Lean Techniques
- Pareto Chart arrangements highlight significant defects, illustrating the most impactful areas for improvement in production.
Overall Performance Metrics
- A higher sigma level in processes indicates improved performance and lower defect rates, reinforcing the goals of Lean Six Sigma methodologies.
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