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Questions and Answers
Which model of communication is characterized by limited feedback from key publics?
Which model of communication is characterized by limited feedback from key publics?
- Symmetrical model
- Asymmetrical model
- Public information model (correct)
- Public and press agentry (correct)
The symmetrical model of communication allows for both the organization and the public to change their positions based on communication.
The symmetrical model of communication allows for both the organization and the public to change their positions based on communication.
True (A)
What are the two main types of influences that affect sports consumer behavior?
What are the two main types of influences that affect sports consumer behavior?
Internal and external influences
The process of sports consumer behavior starts with _____ recognition.
The process of sports consumer behavior starts with _____ recognition.
Match the types of communication with their characteristics:
Match the types of communication with their characteristics:
What type of motives are considered wants or desires that vary from person to person in sports consumer behavior?
What type of motives are considered wants or desires that vary from person to person in sports consumer behavior?
Consumer attitudes are solely based on cognitive components, such as beliefs.
Consumer attitudes are solely based on cognitive components, such as beliefs.
List one type of situational influence that can affect a sports consumer's decision-making.
List one type of situational influence that can affect a sports consumer's decision-making.
The _____ approach to communication involves using information about the public to affect their behavior.
The _____ approach to communication involves using information about the public to affect their behavior.
Which design aspect is characterized by a focus on flexibility and temporary organization?
Which design aspect is characterized by a focus on flexibility and temporary organization?
Which concept refers to grouping people with common characteristics in marketing?
Which concept refers to grouping people with common characteristics in marketing?
The four steps of organizational growth include entrepreneurial, collectivity, formalization, and elaboration.
The four steps of organizational growth include entrepreneurial, collectivity, formalization, and elaboration.
What are the two types of innovations mentioned?
What are the two types of innovations mentioned?
In the profit formula, profit equals revenue minus __________.
In the profit formula, profit equals revenue minus __________.
Match the following leadership behaviors with their descriptions:
Match the following leadership behaviors with their descriptions:
What method is employed by the scientific management approach?
What method is employed by the scientific management approach?
The law of supply states that consumers will decrease demand as the price increases.
The law of supply states that consumers will decrease demand as the price increases.
What is a key motivation characterized by the desire to learn and develop skills?
What is a key motivation characterized by the desire to learn and develop skills?
External factors influencing consumer behavior include personal relationships and societal norms.
External factors influencing consumer behavior include personal relationships and societal norms.
What is the primary responsibility of a facility director?
What is the primary responsibility of a facility director?
A market __________ occurs when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded.
A market __________ occurs when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded.
Name one mechanism by which social learning occurs.
Name one mechanism by which social learning occurs.
___ rewards are derived from the experience itself rather than provided by someone else.
___ rewards are derived from the experience itself rather than provided by someone else.
Which power source is based on a person's expertise and knowledge?
Which power source is based on a person's expertise and knowledge?
The balance sheet equation shows that assets equal liabilities minus owner's equity.
The balance sheet equation shows that assets equal liabilities minus owner's equity.
Match the following types of agencies with their characteristics:
Match the following types of agencies with their characteristics:
Name one unique revenue source for the sports industry.
Name one unique revenue source for the sports industry.
Which of the following is NOT one of the listed challenges facing agencies?
Which of the following is NOT one of the listed challenges facing agencies?
Professional sports are governed by a __________, who manages agreements and disputes.
Professional sports are governed by a __________, who manages agreements and disputes.
Implicit norms are formally communicated rules that govern behaviors.
Implicit norms are formally communicated rules that govern behaviors.
What is the goal of sport marketing?
What is the goal of sport marketing?
What percentage of a person's initial impression is based on what they see?
What percentage of a person's initial impression is based on what they see?
Performing ___ assessment involves evaluating your own values, interests, and skills.
Performing ___ assessment involves evaluating your own values, interests, and skills.
Which of the following describes the effect of others in a social surrounding?
Which of the following describes the effect of others in a social surrounding?
What does the emotional connection in sports marketing primarily rely on?
What does the emotional connection in sports marketing primarily rely on?
Subjectivity in sports marketing means that every fan has a similar experience.
Subjectivity in sports marketing means that every fan has a similar experience.
What analysis helps sport organizations understand their internal strengths and weaknesses?
What analysis helps sport organizations understand their internal strengths and weaknesses?
The __________ marketing strategy is utilized by non-sport companies to promote their products through the platform of sports.
The __________ marketing strategy is utilized by non-sport companies to promote their products through the platform of sports.
Match the components of the marketing mix with their descriptions:
Match the components of the marketing mix with their descriptions:
Which of the following is a component of market segmentation?
Which of the following is a component of market segmentation?
Perishability in sports means that sporting events can be rescheduled to avoid lost opportunities.
Perishability in sports means that sporting events can be rescheduled to avoid lost opportunities.
What is the first step in developing a marketing plan?
What is the first step in developing a marketing plan?
The process of __________ involves recognizing the dynamic nature of the sport product and its attributes.
The process of __________ involves recognizing the dynamic nature of the sport product and its attributes.
What is meant by brand equity in sports marketing?
What is meant by brand equity in sports marketing?
Psychographics in customer segmentation focuses on location-based data.
Psychographics in customer segmentation focuses on location-based data.
What are the two types of factors that affect pricing strategies in sports marketing?
What are the two types of factors that affect pricing strategies in sports marketing?
The key to effective communication in promoting a sport product is ensuring __________ practices.
The key to effective communication in promoting a sport product is ensuring __________ practices.
Match the promotional elements with their definitions:
Match the promotional elements with their definitions:
Which type of sport refers to activities like pickleball and traditional sports?
Which type of sport refers to activities like pickleball and traditional sports?
Commercial organizations in the sports industry primarily focus on non-profit goals.
Commercial organizations in the sports industry primarily focus on non-profit goals.
What are the two types of economies emphasized in sports organizations?
What are the two types of economies emphasized in sports organizations?
The two main aspects of the organizational environment are ______ and ______.
The two main aspects of the organizational environment are ______ and ______.
Match the terms with their corresponding definitions:
Match the terms with their corresponding definitions:
Which of the following is NOT considered a primary product in the sports industry?
Which of the following is NOT considered a primary product in the sports industry?
Economies of scope refer to savings from mass production of a single product.
Economies of scope refer to savings from mass production of a single product.
What does the term 'asymmetry' refer to in organizational dynamics?
What does the term 'asymmetry' refer to in organizational dynamics?
In organizational structure, ______ is the amount of written documents regulating behavior.
In organizational structure, ______ is the amount of written documents regulating behavior.
Which organizational structure allows for decision-making authority to be distributed throughout the organization?
Which organizational structure allows for decision-making authority to be distributed throughout the organization?
Flashcards
Organizational goal achievement process
Organizational goal achievement process
The process of organizations achieving their goals involves transforming inputs into outputs.
Economies of scale
Economies of scale
Savings achieved by producing more than one product or service at a lower cost per unit.
Economies of scope
Economies of scope
Savings achieved by selling multiple products or services at a reduced cost.
General Environment
General Environment
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Specific Environment
Specific Environment
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Primary Stakeholders
Primary Stakeholders
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Secondary Stakeholders
Secondary Stakeholders
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Organizational Function
Organizational Function
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SWOT Analysis
SWOT Analysis
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Specialization
Specialization
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Simple Structure
Simple Structure
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Machine Bureaucracy
Machine Bureaucracy
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Professional Bureaucracy
Professional Bureaucracy
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Innovative Structure
Innovative Structure
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Missionary Structure
Missionary Structure
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Political Structure
Political Structure
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Goal Approach
Goal Approach
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Resource-Based Approach
Resource-Based Approach
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Internal Process Approach
Internal Process Approach
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Entrepreneurial Stage
Entrepreneurial Stage
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Collectivity Stage
Collectivity Stage
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Formalization Stage
Formalization Stage
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Elaboration Stage
Elaboration Stage
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Product Innovation
Product Innovation
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Process Innovation
Process Innovation
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Sport Products
Sport Products
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Emotional Connection in Sport
Emotional Connection in Sport
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Trends Analysis in Sport Marketing
Trends Analysis in Sport Marketing
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Market Segmentation in Sport Marketing
Market Segmentation in Sport Marketing
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Positioning a Sport Product
Positioning a Sport Product
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Sport Marketing Plan
Sport Marketing Plan
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Branding in Sports
Branding in Sports
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Pricing in Sport Marketing
Pricing in Sport Marketing
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Promotion in Sport Marketing
Promotion in Sport Marketing
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Place (Distribution) in Sport Marketing
Place (Distribution) in Sport Marketing
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Core Product in Sport Marketing
Core Product in Sport Marketing
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Product Extensions in Sport Marketing
Product Extensions in Sport Marketing
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SWOT Analysis in Sport Marketing
SWOT Analysis in Sport Marketing
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Brand Awareness in Sport Marketing
Brand Awareness in Sport Marketing
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Evaluating a Sport Marketing Plan
Evaluating a Sport Marketing Plan
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Genres of Sports Communication
Genres of Sports Communication
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Context of Sports Communication
Context of Sports Communication
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Process of Sports Communication
Process of Sports Communication
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Personal Sports Communication
Personal Sports Communication
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Organizational Sport Communication
Organizational Sport Communication
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Mediated Sport Communication
Mediated Sport Communication
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Public & Press Agentry
Public & Press Agentry
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Asymmetrical Communication
Asymmetrical Communication
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Symmetrical Communication
Symmetrical Communication
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Sport Consumer Decision Process
Sport Consumer Decision Process
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Emotional Attachment & Loyalty
Emotional Attachment & Loyalty
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Reference Groups
Reference Groups
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Achievement Motivation
Achievement Motivation
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Social Motivation
Social Motivation
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Mastery Motivation
Mastery Motivation
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Extrinsic Rewards
Extrinsic Rewards
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Intrinsic Rewards
Intrinsic Rewards
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Modeling Behaviour
Modeling Behaviour
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Prompting Behaviour
Prompting Behaviour
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Reinforcement Behaviour
Reinforcement Behaviour
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Study Notes
Types of Sport
- Traditional sports: Common sports like football, basketball, etc.
- New/Emerging sports: Video games, esports.
- Reformed sports: Pickleball.
Sport Industry Segments
- Production: Creation of goods and services related to sport.
- Promotion: Marketing and publicizing of sport.
- Performance: Evaluating and enhancing the quality of sport events.
Organizational Sectors
- Public: Government-funded organizations (school sports, facilities, physical education, sport leader training).
- Non-profit: Voluntary groups focusing on specific causes (high-performance sport development).
- Commercial: Profit-driven organizations (entertainment, media, sponsorships).
Primary and Secondary Products
- Primary: Directly consumed as produced (game outcome).
- Secondary: Derived from a primary product, offering additional revenue streams (TV rights, concessions, merchandise, user fees).
Organizational Goal Achievement
- Inputs -> Transformation -> Outputs: A general model outlining the process of achieving organizational goals.
- Economies of Scale: Savings from mass producing one or more products/services.
- Economies of Scope: Savings from selling multiple products/services.
Organizational Environment
- General Environment: External factors that influence the organization but not directly day-to-day operations (economy, technology, politics, social/cultural forces, demographics).
- Specific Environment: Internal/external individuals/groups affecting or affected by the organization (primary and secondary stakeholders).
Organizational Function
- A course of action to achieve organizational goals.
- Structure, design, performance, strategy.
- Steps to plan development include defining mission, analyzing strengths/weaknesses, identifying resources, and setting a timeline.
- Partnership development strategies (Asymmetry, Reciprocity, Necessity, Legitimacy, Efficiency, Stability).
SWOT Analysis
- Analyzing Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats.
Organizational Structure
- Mintzberg's Designs:
- Simple Structure: Small organizations with top management.
- Machine Bureaucracy: Manufacturing-oriented organizations.
- Professional Bureaucracy: Technical core/administrative support.
- Innovative: Creativity-focused organizations.
- Missionary: Organizations centered around ideology.
- Political: Flexible, often temporary organizations.
Organizational Growth
- Entrepreneurial: Founder-driven organization.
- Collectivity: Reaffirming goals and adapting structure for achievement.
- Formalization: Development of rules and procedures.
- Elaboration: Embrace collaboration and leadership.
Innovation Types
- Product innovation: Creating new products.
- Process innovation: Improving efficiency/organization.
Organizational Behavior
- Management: Planning, staffing, organizing, directing, controlling.
- Leadership: Non-transactional, transactional, transformational styles.
- Power: Legitimate, reward, coercive, referent, expert, information.
- Diversity: Internal and external factors.
Profit and Market Equilibrium
- Profit = Revenue - Cost
- Law of Demand: Demand decreases as price increases.
- Law of Supply: Supply increases as price increases.
- Market Equilibrium: Supply and demand are equal.
- Market Surplus: Supply exceeds demand.
- Market Shortage: Demand exceeds supply.
Facility Management
- Facility types: Single-purpose, multipurpose, non-traditional.
- Facility management positions: Facility director, operations manager, event coordinator.
- Event management plan steps: Scheduling, negotiating, coordinating, staging, cleaning, evaluating.
Professional Sport
- Sectors: Public, Non-profit, Commercial.
- Professional sport players: Labour, Management, Governance (independence, cooperation).
- League office roles: League commissioner, board of governors, central administration unit.
- Financial considerations: Free agency, salary caps.
Sport Marketing
- Marketing of sport: Targeting consumers directly with sport-related products.
- Marketing through sport: Non-sport companies using sport to promote their products.
- Sport Marketing Characteristics: Intangibility, emotional connection, subjectivity, social consumption, inconsistency, perishability.
Marketing Plan Stages
- Identify purpose (goals & objectives).
- Analyze product attributes (event, product extensions, support services, tangible goods).
- Analyze market conditions (past/current/future, SWOT analysis).
- Position the product (brand awareness, image, equity, loyalty).
- Segment customers (demographics, geographics, psychographics, benefits, behaviour).
- Package the product (core product, product extensions, merchandise, brand associations).
- Develop pricing strategies (consumer, competitor, company, climate factors).
- Promote the product (advertising, publicity, sales promotions, public relations, community relations, media relations, personal selling).
- Place the product (geographic targeting, distribution channels).
- Evaluate the plan (feedback from internal/external sources).
Sport Communication
- Frameworks: Genres, context, process.
- Communication Types: Personal, organizational, mediated.
- Communication Services: Integrated market communication, public relations, crisis communication, research.
- Communication Models: One-way (publicity, public information), two-way (asymmetrical, symmetrical).
Sport Consumer Behaviour
- Influences: Situational (physical, social, task, temporal, antecedent states), internal (motives, perceptions, attitudes, experience, involvement, identification), external (reference groups, socialization, subcultures, marketing).
- Decision process: Need recognition, information search, evaluation, purchase, post-purchase evaluation.
- Motivation types: Diversion, eustress, economic gain, aesthetics, affiliation, socialization.
Sport Marketing Agencies
- Agency functions: Planning, sponsorship, event creation, negotiation, marketing, communication, financial planning, research, evaluation.
- Agency types: General, specialty.
- Agency challenges: Athlete representation changes, sponsorship reduction, short-term projects, internal consulting.
Managerial Leadership Skills
- Skills: Marketing, sales, correspondence, public speaking, community relations, record-keeping, professional perspective, norms (explicit, implicit), ethical decision-making, career readiness.
Career Planning Steps
- Self-assessment: Values, interests, skills.
- Occupational research: Nature, earnings, qualifications, outlook, opportunities, related occupations.
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