Sport Science Unit 02: Training Theory

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of an athlete periodically passing tests and standards?

To compare their performance with others

To acquire precise and achievable objectives (correct)

To accurately assess their short-term training

To design individual training sessions

What is the primary benefit of multilateral development in the early years of athletic development?

It allows athletes to compete at a high level at a young age

It leads to early specialisation in a specific sport

It builds a solid base for sport performance and avoids overuse injuries (correct)

It develops psychological processes independently of physiological processes

What is the underlying principle behind the need for multilateral development?

The need for early identification of athletic talent

The interdependence among human organs and systems (correct)

The requirement for athletes to undertake individual assignments

The importance of specialisation in a specific sport

What is the recommended ratio of multilateral development to specialised training for athletes in their early years?

80% multilateral development and 20% specialised training Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for athletes to undertake individual assignments or individual training sessions without supervision?

To develop independence and self-motivation Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of multilateral development?

To reach a highly specialised level of physical preparation and technical mastery Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the principles of training?

Increasing athletic performance and kill Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of not following the principle of active participation?

Suboptimal athletic performance Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the athlete in the training process, according to the principle of active participation?

Independent and creative contributor Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of periodically discussing training objectives with the athlete?

To assess athlete progress Signup and view all the answers

According to Ritter (1982), what is the role of the coach in establishing training objectives?

The coach should elaborate training objectives with the athlete Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of correctly using different training principles?

Superior organisation and more functional content Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of creating a model in training?

To achieve the ideal and analyze results Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for incorporating cross-training techniques in a training program?

To maintain interest and avoid monotony Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal characteristic of a model in training?

Sole and unique Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of high-volume training without proper planning?

Monotony and boredom Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to treat each athlete individually in a training program?

To accommodate individual abilities and learning characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum amount of training required for high-performance athletes?

1000 hours per year Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference in training approach between children/juniors and adult athletes?

Children adapt better to high volume with moderate intensity, whereas adults adapt better to low volume with high intensity Signup and view all the answers

Why should athletes not follow the training programs of successful athletes?

Because each athlete has a unique tolerance level Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration for planning an athlete's training load?

The athlete's chronological and biological age Signup and view all the answers

How do children and juniors respond to training stimuli compared to adult athletes?

They have an unstable nervous system, making emotional states alter quickly Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the principle of individualization?

To model the whole training concept according to the athlete's characteristics Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider an athlete's body build and nervous system type when planning their training?

Because it affects their ability to adapt to training Signup and view all the answers

What is a prerequisite for successfully modeling the training process in a competition or event?

Acquaintance with the specifics of the competition Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of developing a model in the training process?

To rely on previous examples Signup and view all the answers

In team sports, what is the relationship between the models for training lessons and competitions?

They are strongly related Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of testing the model in exhibition games?

To draw conclusions regarding the model's validity Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in contemplating the state of training?

Both observing and analyzing the training process Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of applying the principle of modeling in the training process?

An improved training concept Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Athlete Participation in Training

Athletes should actively engage in planning and evaluating both short- and long-term training through self-assessment.
Regular testing and evaluation of performance levels provide objective information to set precise and achievable goals.
Independent training sessions are crucial for athletes to develop their skills without supervision.

Principle of Multilateral Development

Exposure to multilateral development is essential for acquiring fundamental movement skills.
A strong foundation in general physical preparation facilitates later specialization and technical mastery in sports.
Age-specific training ratios:
- Under 12: 80% multilateral development, 20% specialized training
- Ages 12-14: Progressing ratio gradually shifts towards more specialized training
Early multilateral training prevents overuse injuries and training monotony, promoting sustainable performance.

Training Theory and Methodology

Training principles are grounded in biological, psychological, and pedagogical sciences, emphasizing a holistic approach to athlete development.
Collaboration between athletes and coaches enhances the relevance and effectiveness of training objectives.

Active Participation Principle

Successful training involves the athlete’s creative input, maintaining an ongoing dialogue about progress.
Coaches should collaboratively establish training objectives tailored to each athlete's unique abilities.

Principle of Variety

Training volume and intensity must continually progress, requiring over 1000 hours of training per year for high performance.
To combat monotony, innovative and imaginative training methods should be utilized.
Individual preferences should drive training plans, incorporating enjoyable elements and cross-training techniques.

Principle of Modeling

Models in training simulate competition dynamics and must focus on specific training elements identical to the competitive environment.
Models serve to improve training efficacy and athlete performance; reliability and consistency are crucial.
Different sports require distinct modeling ages, focusing on skill mastery in younger athletes and endurance in older athletes.

Principle of Individualization

Training programs must cater to individual characteristics, including psychological traits, physical capabilities, and personal sports specifics.
Monitoring personal capacity and recovery rates is vital for adjusting training loads; gender differences and puberty impacts must also be considered.
Training should be modelled to reflect competition contexts, ensuring familiarity with competition's unique challenges.

Model Development and Validation

Continuous improvement of training models requires eliminating past errors and relying on empirical evidence.
Final models should be validated by athlete performance, leading to iterative modifications for enhanced training effectiveness.

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Description

This quiz covers the principles of training in sport science, including multilateral development, specialisation, individualisation, and load progression. It's based on Chapter 2 of the training theory module.