29 Questions
What muscle is affected in a patient with torticollis?
Sternocleidomastoid
Why does the left eye appear smaller than the right in a torticollis patient?
Decreased size of the left eye
Which condition is characterized by a spine deviation to one side resulting in one shoulder being higher than the other?
Scoliosis
What symptoms may a patient with ankylosing spondylitis experience as the kyphosis worsens over time?
Difficulty in extending the back
Why is it important for the head to be central over the pelvis in terms of symmetry?
To prevent facial asymmetry
What could be a consequence of scoliosis if left untreated over time?
Deformity progression
What is the characteristic shape of the vertebral bodies in a patient with spina bifida in the lateral view?
Rectangular
What is the relationship between the sizes of the vertebrae in a patient with a vertebral fracture?
The size of the vertebrae decreases as we go downward
What percentage of the patient's load is normally carried by the body of the vertebrae?
70%
What is the main reason for the decreased load-bearing capacity of the vertebral body in a patient with a vertebral fracture?
The vertebrae are unable to carry the normal 70% load
What is the primary goal of the treatment approach described in the text for a patient with a vertebral fracture?
To restore the integrity of the vertebral body
What is the primary method used to restore the load-bearing capacity of the vertebral body in a patient with a vertebral fracture?
Injecting artificial bone into the vertebral body
What is the ratio of kyphosis to lordosis in the vertebral column according to the text?
50% kyphosis and 50% lordosis
Which areas of the vertebral column are most susceptible to destruction due to gravity's effect?
C1, T1, L1, S1
What is the functional unit of the vertebral column called?
Segment
How does stability affect mobility in the vertebral column according to the text?
Mobility increases as stability decreases
Which joint in the vertebral column is described as immobile and very stable?
Sacral joint
What type of motion does the vertebral column possess that is not found in other parts of the body?
Complex motion like bending and flexion at the same time
Why is it important to inject steroids inside the facet joint?
To act as an anti-inflammatory medication
What is the role of the dye injected before the steroid injection in the facet joint?
To confirm proper placement inside the joint
Why is the vertebral column more prone to injuries?
Due to its high vibration and low stability
Which group of muscles is responsible for providing support to the shoulder girdle?
Superficial muscles
What is the function of the intermediate muscles in the back?
Supporting respiration
How many layers of muscles are there around the back according to the text?
3 layers
Which muscle group is primarily responsible for producing extension and medial/lateral flexion of the spine?
Erector spinae
What is a key characteristic of the erector spinae muscles that allows them to perform their function effectively?
They have a high resistance to fatigue due to their abundant ATP supply.
Which muscle group is responsible for rotating the vertebral column?
Rotatores
What is the primary function of the multifidus muscles?
Stabilization and fine-tuning of spinal movements
Which muscle group is referred to as the 'intertransversarius' in the text?
Intertransversarii
Test your knowledge on the different spinal curvatures such as cervical lordosis, lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and sacral kyphosis. Learn about the distribution of kyphosis and lordosis along the spine and their role in protecting the vertebral column from the effects of gravity.
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