Human Anatomy: Spinal Curvatures and Joints

Spinal Curvatures and Abnormal Curvatures

• Correct: Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral are normal spinal curvatures.
• Correct: Scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis are abnormal spinal curvatures.

Rib Types

• Correct: Ribs are categorized as true, false, and floating.

Freely Movable Joints

• Incorrect: Sutures are not freely movable joints. Free movable joints include hinge and ball-and-socket joints.

Muscle Relaxation

• Correct: Calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, causing muscle relaxation.

Occipital Bone

• Correct: The occipital bone contains the foramen magnum.
• Correct: The occipital bone is a cranial bone, not a facial bone.

Orbicularis Oris Muscle

• Correct: The orbicularis oris muscle surrounds the mouth.

Calcium Storage in a Relaxed Skeletal Muscle

• Correct: Sarcoplasmic reticulum is the site of calcium storage in a relaxed skeletal muscle.

Myoglobin Function

• Correct: Myoglobin stores oxygen in muscles.
• Correct: Myoglobin contributes to the red color of muscle.

Maxilla

• Correct: The maxilla contains the upper teeth.
• Correct: The maxilla is a facial bone, not a cranial bone.

Femur and Tibia Joint

• Correct: The femur and tibia meet at the tibiofemoral joint.

Thigh Extension Muscle

• Correct: Hamstrings extend the thigh at the hip joint.

Shoulder Covering Muscle

• Correct: The deltoid muscle covers the shoulder.

Gastrocnemius and Soleus Muscles

• Correct: Gastrocnemius and soleus are commonly called the "toe dancer's muscles".

Intercostal Muscles

• Correct: Intercostal muscles are located between the ribs and help in breathing.

Tendon Attachment Site

• Correct: Periosteum is the site of tendon attachment.

Palatine Process Bone

• Correct: The maxilla's palatine process forms the anterior part of the hard palate.

Diaphysis Outer Lining

• Correct: The periosteum is the outer lining of connective tissue that surrounds the diaphysis of a long bone, containing blood vessels.

Forearm Flexion Muscle

• Correct: The biceps brachii flexes the forearm at the elbow.

Calcaneus Location

• Correct: The calcaneus is a bone in the heel.

Olecranon Process Joint

• Correct: The olecranon process is associated with the humeroulnar joint.

Hamstring Muscles

• Correct: Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus are the hamstring muscles.

Wrist Flexion Muscles

• Correct: Flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris flex the hand at the wrist.

Mandible Function

• Incorrect: The mandible articulates with the temporal bone.
• Correct: The mandible forms part of the TMJ.

Bone Cell Types and Tissue

• Correct: Osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte, and osseous tissue are related to bone.

Lower Extremity Bones

• Incorrect: The clavicle is in the upper extremity, not the lower.

Greater and Lesser Trochanters Bone

• Correct: The greater and lesser trochanters are on the femur.

Abdominal Muscles

• Incorrect: Hamstrings are not involved in breathing.

Long Bone Marking

• Incorrect: Suture is a type of joint, not a bone marking.

Cheek Muscle

• Correct: The buccinator muscle flattens the cheek and positions food.

Thin Filament Components

• Incorrect: Myosin is the thick filament, not the thin.

Occipital Bone Feature

• Incorrect: The mastoid process and external auditory meatus are associated with the temporal bone.

Cartilage Replacement

• Correct: Ossification is the process of cartilage replacement by bone.

Abdominal Muscle Groups

• Correct: Rectus, transversus, internal oblique, and external oblique are abdominal muscles.

Acetylcholine Release Trigger

• Correct: The nerve impulse triggers the release of acetylcholine.

Diaphysis Definition

• Correct: The diaphysis is the shaft of a long bone.

Tendon Structure

• Correct: Tendon attaches muscle to bone; an aponeurosis is a broad, flat tendon.

Scapula and Humerus Joint

• Correct: Scapula and humerus connect at the glenohumeral joint.

Anterior Chest Muscle

• Correct: Pectoralis major is the anterior chest muscle that helps point towards objects in front.

Joint Types

• Correct: Tibiofemoral, hip, and glenohumeral are freely movable, ball-and-socket joints. Humeroulnar is a hinge joint.

Fascicle Definition

• Correct: Bundles of muscle fibers are fascicles, bound by connective tissue.

Quadriceps Femoris Muscles

• Incorrect: The quadriceps femoris are extensors of the knee, not flexors.
• Correct: Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius are the quadriceps femoris muscles.

Baby's Skull Soft Spots

• Correct: Fontanels are soft spots in a baby's skull.

Scapula and Humerus Joint

• Correct: The shoulder joint (glenohumeral) connects the scapula and humerus.

Upper Extremity Bones

• Incorrect: Clavicle is a bone in the upper extremity

Scarecrow Muscle

• Correct: Trapezius is engaged when mimicking a scarecrow.

Hallux and Pollex Features

• Correct: They are both the first digits (big toe and thumb).

Lower Limb Bone

• Incorrect: Ulna is an upper limb bone.

Olecranon Process Joint

• Correct: The olecranon process is related to the elbow joint (humeroulnar).

Humerus Measurement

• Incorrect: Details for proper humerus measurement are not provided here.

Curare Effect

• Correct: Curare-induced muscle blockade causes paralysis.

Carpal Bones

• Correct: Carpals are wrist bones, and they articulate with the radius and ulna.

Muscle Contraction Enhancement

• Incorrect: Additional details for recruitment are not given.