Spinal Cord Injuries and Head Trauma Quiz

<p>Age at the time of injury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whiplash injuries from shaking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>90% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Head injuries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sharp Force Trauma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>19,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.2% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a cushion and leeway for expansion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Routine medical procedures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute blood loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linear fracture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thickness of hair and scalp (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extradural fracture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebrospinal fluid leakage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A period of consciousness followed by rapid decline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contusion at the exact site of impact without fracture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meningeal injury (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individual's height (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contre-coup contusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acceleration/deceleration injuries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Usually fatal outcome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebral edema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Back of the head (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebral ischemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bridging veins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indication of misalignment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shearing or rotational injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elderly individuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indication of concussion or 'knocking out' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffuse brain injury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain swelling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bruising and potential haematoma formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Displacement of CSF (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain herniation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Worsens outcome even with minor head trauma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irregular breathing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary edema (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulates eye movements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac arrest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of reflexes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Head injuries vary in severity, from minor surface injuries to severe brain damage.

These are injuries to the outer layers of the head. These can result from blunt force trauma, abrasions, or lacerations (cuts).

Breaks in the skull bone. These can range from simple cracks to more severe injuries, and lead to potential brain damage.

Bleeding in the brain, caused by damaged blood vessels.

Bruising of the brain tissue, often from a blow to the head.

Damage to the brain's nerve pathways, often caused by shaking or a severe impact.

Increased pressure inside the skull.

Brain tissue expanding, potentially causing further damage.

Scalp injuries can lead to severe blood loss (hemorrhage), potentially obstructing airways, and fractured skulls.

Variations include linear, comminuted, depressed, and basilar, each suggesting different impact forces and mechanisms.

Bleeding between the skull and dura mater. Often caused by a ruptured artery (common middle meningeal); can occur without a fracture.

Damage to the meninges (protective membranes) involving tears or hemorrhage, often associated with skull fractures.

Skull injury caused by high-speed impacts. Resulting in penetrating or depressed fractures.

Cerebrospinal fluid leakage through a skull fracture, particularly a basal fracture.

A short period of consciousness after head injury, followed by unconsciousness and (potentially) death.

Blood accumulation between the dura and arachnoid membranes surrounding the brain.

Bleeding into the space between the arachnoid and pia mater.

Bleeding within hours of injury, often from bridging veins.

Bleeding over 14 days, often in elderly or alcoholic individuals.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with a tear in a vertebral artery at the base of the skull.

Damage to a specific area of the brain, often from direct impact.

Bruising of the brain tissue, often from direct impact.

Damage that happens during or immediately after the injury.

A bruise on the brain directly at the impact site.

A bruise on the brain opposite the impact site caused by the brain bouncing back against the skull.

Bleeding deep inside the brain, often caused by head movement or shaking.

Widespread damage to nerve fibers in the brain, caused by stretching or shearing forces.

Bruises on the brain caused by friction against bony structures during brain movement.

Swelling in the brain caused by an increase in water content, often due to brain injury.

Increased pressure inside the skull, often caused by cerebral edema.

The displacement of brain tissue due to increased intracranial pressure.

A state of prolonged unconsciousness caused by damage to the brain's reticular activating system (RAS), which controls alertness and wakefulness.

A condition where a person is fully aware but unable to move or communicate due to severe brainstem damage.

Common causes include falls, car accidents, assaults, diving accidents, and sports injuries, often resulting in compression, hyperextension or hyperflexion of the spinal cord.

Spinal cord injuries are classified as either complete, where there is a complete loss of function below the injury, or incomplete, where some function remains.

An injury that affects both the cervical spinal cord and the brainstem, often seen in cases of non-accidental whiplash injuries in infants.

Uncontrolled raised ICP can lead to herniation, where the brain tissue is squeezed through the skull's opening, causing severe damage and death.

Alcohol intake increases the risk of severe head injuries, reduces protective reflexes, and makes complications more likely.

The brainstem controls vital functions like breathing, heart rate and swallowing. Damage to it can be fatal.

Signs include impaired vision, breathing difficulties, changes in heart rate, loss of balance, and paralysis.

Brainstem injuries can be caused by trauma, infections, strokes, tumors, and sudden cardiac death.

Head injuries can result in brain damage, raised ICP, hypoxic damage, and associated injuries like fractures, blood loss, and infections.