Spinal Cord Injuries and Paralysis Quiz

Spinal Cord Injuries and Paralysis

• Conditions caused by injury or disease to the spinal cord and/or spinal nerves are referred to as spinal cord injuries.
• Spinal paralysis involves the central nervous system, specifically the spinal cord and nerves.
• Muscle weakness in partial paralysis is termed paresis.

Nervous System and Body Innervation

• Cervical nerves innervate the neck, shoulders, arms, and hands.
• Sacral nerves innervate the lower back, pelvic region, and parts of the legs.
• Thoracic nerves are responsible for innervating the upper back and abdomen.

Quadriplegia and Paraplegia

• Participation in sport programming for paraplegia is determined by upper limb functionality.
• About 60% of persons with quadriplegia have incomplete lesions.
• C1 – C4 lesions classify as high-level quadriplegia.
• Individuals with low-level quadriplegia typically use manual wheelchairs for mobility.
• Paraplegia primarily affects the lower limbs, resulting in loss of function.

Spina Bifida

• The incidence of Spina Bifida varies with geographical location, with higher rates often found in certain areas.
• Spina Bifida occurs typically during early gestation, often before the mother knows she is pregnant.
• The most common complication in myelomeningocele (a form of Spina Bifida) is hydrocephalus.

Treatment and Concerns

• Hydrocephalus is commonly treated with the insertion of a shunt to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid.
• A shunt's main function is to regulate intracranial pressure and prevent further complications.
• Extended sitting poses significant concerns for individuals with Spina Bifida, particularly regarding pressure sores and spinal alignment.

Sport Development and Muscle Control

• Congenital spinal cord injuries can negatively impact sport development, limiting access and participation.
• The primary goal for individuals with congenital spinal cord injury is to develop trunk, shoulder, arm, and hand control to enhance independence.

Posture and Orthopedic Concerns

• Posture and orthopedic concerns in individuals with Spina Bifida include issues like scoliosis and joint deformities.
• Congenital paralysis specifically affects the development and strength of muscle groups, leading to asymmetrical muscle use and functional limitations.

Physical Activities

• Main physical activities for individuals with congenital spinal cord injuries should focus on upper body strength, adaptive sports, and stability training for improved mobility and function.