Spinal Cord and Central Nervous System Anatomy
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the external intercostal muscles?

  • Compress the thoracic cavity during expiration
  • Control the vertical dimension of the thorax
  • Expand the thoracic cavity for inspiration (correct)
  • Decrease the size of the thoracic cavity

    • Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

  • Intercostal nerves
  • Cranial nerve 11
  • Spinal roots at C1 and C2
  • Phrenic nerve (correct)

    • What is the consequence of a complete transection of the spinal cord?

  • Partial sensory loss below the injury point
  • Complete motor and sensory loss at and below the injury point (correct)
  • Partial motor loss at the injury point
  • Complete motor loss above the injury point

    • Which muscle group is responsible for decreasing the vertical dimension of the thorax?

    <p>Rectus Abdominus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Injuries above which level in the thoracic spinal cord will impair inspiratory capacity more severely?

    <p>T6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of sternocleidomastoid muscle contraction in cases of C4 injuries?

    <p>Elevate clavicle and rib cage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the spinal cord housed?

    <p>Within the vertebral column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system collects peripheral afferent inputs from body extremities?

    <p>Spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons do spinal nerves consist of?

    <p>Both sensory and motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the spinal cord contains cell bodies and unmyelinated axons?

    <p>Gray matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of epidural injections around the spinal cord?

    <p>To relieve chronic back pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid around the spinal cord?

    <p>Protects the spinal cord from trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the spinal cord terminate/originate?

    <p>At the lumbar 1 level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of neuromuscular spindles?

    <p>Provide afferent info about muscle length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system controls tonic muscle tone and responses to sudden environmental changes?

    <p>Interneurons in the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stimulus causes the hand withdrawal reflex?

    <p>A painful stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of tapping the patellar tendon on muscle action?

    <p>Contracts quadriceps muscles via a reflex arc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential feature of reflexes involving spinal cord ganglia?

    <p>They involve clusters of sensory and motor cell bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

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