Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the most common congenital deformity of the foot?
What is the most common congenital deformity of the foot?
- Talipes Calcaneovalgus
- Clubfoot
- Talipes Equinovarus (correct)
- Twisted foot
What is characterized by internal tibial torsion, plantarflexion, inversion, and adduction of the forefoot?
What is characterized by internal tibial torsion, plantarflexion, inversion, and adduction of the forefoot?
- Clubfoot
- Talipes Equinovarus (correct)
- Scoliosis
- Talipes Calcaneovalgus
What is the least common pattern of scoliosis?
What is the least common pattern of scoliosis?
- Lumbar (correct)
- Thoracic curve
- Lumbar curve
- Cervical curve
What is associated with abnormal posture, muscle spasm, tumors, inflammation, etc.?
What is associated with abnormal posture, muscle spasm, tumors, inflammation, etc.?
What is managed through serial casting, corrective surgery, or shoe correction?
What is managed through serial casting, corrective surgery, or shoe correction?
What should be done frequently according to nursing interventions?
What should be done frequently according to nursing interventions?
What is assessed by checking the infant’s toes for coldness or cyanosis?
What is assessed by checking the infant’s toes for coldness or cyanosis?
What is watched to turn pink to assess for good circulation?
What is watched to turn pink to assess for good circulation?
What is the characteristic of Spina bifida occulta in the lumbosacral area?
What is the characteristic of Spina bifida occulta in the lumbosacral area?
What is the common symptom of meningocoele in infants?
What is the common symptom of meningocoele in infants?
What is the purpose of Kernig's Sign?
What is the purpose of Kernig's Sign?
How long does it take for the scabies life cycle to complete?
How long does it take for the scabies life cycle to complete?
What is the characteristic of Myelomeningocele?
What is the characteristic of Myelomeningocele?
What is the result of a positive Brudzinski Sign?
What is the result of a positive Brudzinski Sign?
What is the primary mode of transmission of scabies?
What is the primary mode of transmission of scabies?
How long can a scabies mite live on the human body?
How long can a scabies mite live on the human body?
What is the common symptom of meningocoele in adults?
What is the common symptom of meningocoele in adults?
What is the characteristic of the sac in Myelomeningocele?
What is the characteristic of the sac in Myelomeningocele?
What is NOT a treatment option for scabies?
What is NOT a treatment option for scabies?
What is a risk associated with using Lindane 1% to treat scabies in children?
What is a risk associated with using Lindane 1% to treat scabies in children?
What is the assessment of Spina bifida occulta based on?
What is the assessment of Spina bifida occulta based on?
How fast does the scabies mite travel on the skin surface?
How fast does the scabies mite travel on the skin surface?
What is NOT a characteristic of scabies mites?
What is NOT a characteristic of scabies mites?
What does a negative skin scraping NOT rule out?
What does a negative skin scraping NOT rule out?
What is the primary characteristic of Structural Scoliosis?
What is the primary characteristic of Structural Scoliosis?
What is the percentage of idiopathic cases of Structural Scoliosis?
What is the percentage of idiopathic cases of Structural Scoliosis?
What is the primary goal of nurses in providing care to children with Structural Scoliosis?
What is the primary goal of nurses in providing care to children with Structural Scoliosis?
What is the benefit of introducing deep-breathing exercises and incentive spirometry to children before surgery?
What is the benefit of introducing deep-breathing exercises and incentive spirometry to children before surgery?
How can nurses help families establish a therapeutic environment for the care of an ill child?
How can nurses help families establish a therapeutic environment for the care of an ill child?
What is the role of nurses in preparing children and families for an illness experience?
What is the role of nurses in preparing children and families for an illness experience?
Why is it important for nurses to advocate for open parental visiting and overnight stay policies?
Why is it important for nurses to advocate for open parental visiting and overnight stay policies?
What is the significance of the nursing role in caring for an ill child?
What is the significance of the nursing role in caring for an ill child?
What is the common outcome of the basic body changes that occur when a person is dying?
What is the common outcome of the basic body changes that occur when a person is dying?
What is a common indicator of poor oxygenation in a dying person?
What is a common indicator of poor oxygenation in a dying person?
What happens to a dying person's sense of hearing?
What happens to a dying person's sense of hearing?
What is a common behavioral indicator of pain in a dying person who is unable to talk?
What is a common behavioral indicator of pain in a dying person who is unable to talk?
What happens to a dying person's eyes?
What happens to a dying person's eyes?
What happens to a dying person's sense of touch?
What happens to a dying person's sense of touch?
What can happen to a dying person just before death?
What can happen to a dying person just before death?
What happens to a dying person's pupils?
What happens to a dying person's pupils?
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Study Notes
Spina Bifida
- Posterior vertebral arches fail to close in the lumbosacral area
- Spinal cord intact; not visible
- Meninges not exposed on the skin surfaces
Types of Spina Bifida
- Spina bifida occulta: posterior vertebral arches fail to close in the lumbosacral area
- Meningocoele: protrusion involves meninges and a sac-like structure
- Myelomeningocele: protrusion of meninges, CSF, nerve roots, and portion of spinal cord
Assessment
- Signs and symptoms vary depending on age group
- Fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, poor feeding or anorexia, altered LOC
- Bulging anterior fontanel, nuchal rigidity, Kernig's Sign, and Brudzinski Sign
Talipes Equinovarus
- Most common congenital deformity of the foot
- Characterized by internal tibial torsion, plantarflexion, inversion, and adduction of the forefoot
- Managed through serial casting, corrective surgery, or shoe correction
Scoliosis
- Lateral curvature of the vertebral column
- Non-structural scoliosis: not associated with any true structural deformity at the vertebra
- Structural scoliosis: lateral spine curve that cannot be fully corrected by lateral flexion, associated with bony changes and fixed rotatory deformity
Nursing Interventions
- Change diapers frequently
- Teach parents on:
- How to check the infant's toes for coldness or cyanosis
- How to blanch a toenail bed and watch it turn pink to assess for good circulation
- How to perform passive foot exercises
Scabies
- Caused by a mite that burrows into the skin
- Mode of transmission: direct, prolonged, skin-to-skin contact with a person infested with scabies
- Life cycle: adult mites, eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adult mites
- Treatment: topical scabicide (e.g., 5% Permethrin cream, 10% crotamiton lotion, Lindane 1%)
Death and Dying
- Causes of death vary, but basic body changes lead to death of all vital body systems
- Pulmonary changes: unable to oxygenate the body, assess for poor oxygenation
- Cardiovascular changes: large load on heart, heart not getting needed oxygen, blood backs up causing failure
- Blood circulation changes: blood backs up causing pulmonary and liver congestion
- Neurologic decline: specific sensory decline, pain, and further neurologic decline at death
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