Speech Context and Style Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a commissive act?

  • Thanking (correct)
  • Betting
  • Promising
  • Vowing

Expressive acts involve the speaker committing to perform a future action.

False (B)

What is the purpose of audience analysis in a communicative context?

To understand the profile and needs of the target audience.

The act of changing topics during a conversation is called ______.

<p>topic shifting</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of communicative strategies with their descriptions:

<p>Nomination = Setting the purpose of conversation Restriction = Limiting speaker's ability to express Turn-taking = Managing who speaks next Repair = Addressing issues in communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a directive act?

<p>Requesting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Data gathering involves the analysis of audience demographics.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'termination' refer to in communicative strategies?

<p>Closing or ending a conversation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of speech aims to amuse the audience?

<p>Entertainment speech (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A manuscript speech is delivered without any advanced preparation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of editing and revising a speech?

<p>To correct mechanics such as grammar, punctuation, spelling, and organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A __________ speech seeks to influence the audience's ideas and decisions.

<p>persuasive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of outline with its description:

<p>Biographical = Describes the life of a person Categorical = Related category to the topic Chronological = Presents ideas in time Problem-Solution = Presents a problem and its solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does knowing your audience involve?

<p>Their age and education level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The body of the speech includes the introduction and conclusion.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one principle of effective speech delivery.

<p>Logical organization, audience profile, or word choice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication occurs between and among people?

<p>Interpersonal Communication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dyadic communication refers to communication among three or more individuals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for communication that takes place through various media outlets such as television and the internet?

<p>Mass Communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _______ style of speech is commonly used in conversations between two very close people.

<p>intimate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which style of speech is used in highly formal settings such as state ceremonies?

<p>Frozen Style (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of speech act with its description:

<p>Assertive = Expressing belief about the truth of a proposition Directive = Trying to make the addressee perform an action Illocutionary act = Speaker's intention in delivering an utterance Perlocutionary act = Effect of the utterance on the hearer</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a consultative speech style, the conversation is only one-sided.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three classifications of speech acts?

<p>Assertive, Directive, Communcative</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Intrapersonal Communication

Communication focused on one person where the speaker is both the sender and receiver.

Interpersonal Communication

Communication between two or more people.

Dyadic Communication

Interpersonal communication between two people.

Small-Group Communication

Communication among three or more people with a common goal and shared identity.

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Speech Act

Any act a speaker performs through an utterance (e.g., stating, asking, advising).

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Locutionary Act

The actual form of a word.

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Illocutionary Act

The speaker's intention behind an utterance.

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Assertive Speech Act

Expressing belief about the truth of a statement.

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Directive Act

Speech acts that aim to get someone to do something.

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Commissive Act

Speech acts that commit the speaker to a future action.

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Expressive Act

Speech acts that express the speaker's feelings.

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Declaration Act

Speech acts that bring about a specific change.

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Audience Analysis

Understanding your target audience's demographics, situation, and psychology.

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Writing Purpose

The goal of your writing (inform, entertain, or persuade).

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Topic Narrowing

Making a broad topic more specific.

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Data Gathering

Collecting information for your topic.

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Informative Speech

A speech that aims to provide the audience with a clear understanding of a concept or idea.

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Entertainment Speech

A speech that focuses on amusing and engaging the audience.

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Persuasive Speech

A speech that seeks to convince the audience to agree with or accept a particular perspective or idea.

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Extemporaneous Speech

A speech delivered with limited preparation, often guided by notes or an outline.

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Impromptu Speech

A speech given without any prior preparation.

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Manuscript Speech

A speech delivered word-for-word from a written script.

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Memorized Speech

A speech that is completely memorized and delivered without any notes.

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Audience Profile

Understanding the characteristics of your audience, including their age, gender, education, cultural background, etc.

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Study Notes

Speech Context and Speech Style

  • Context refers to the setting of communication
  • Intrapersonal communication: one person communicating with themselves
  • Interpersonal communication: between/among people
    • Dyadic: between two people
    • Small group: among three or more people
  • Public communication: delivering a message to a group
  • Mass communication: communication through media (TV, radio, etc.)

Types of Speech Styles

  • Frozen: formal settings (speeches, rituals)
  • Formal: scripted, formal conversations (speeches, presentations)
  • Consultative: semi-formal conversation
  • Casual: among friends (relaxed)
  • Intimate: among close people (very personal)

Speech Acts

  • Speech Act: any act performed by a speaker
  • Locutionary Act: the actual words
  • Illocutionary Act: the speaker's intention
  • Perlocutionary Act: the effect on the listener

Classification of Speech Acts

  • Assertive: expressing beliefs (suggesting, concluding)
  • Directive: making the listener act (asking, ordering)
  • Commissive: committing to future action (promising, planning)
  • Expressive: expressing feelings (thanking, apologizing)
  • Declaration: changing something (blessing, sentencing)

Communicative Strategies

  • Nomination: starting a conversation
  • Restriction: limiting conversation topics
  • Turn-taking: deciding who speaks next
  • Topic Control: keeping conversation going with questions
  • Topic Shifting: changing conversation topics
  • Repair: fixing speaking/listening problems
  • Termination: ending a conversation

Principles of Effective Speech Writing

  • Audience analysis: Understand the audience (demographics, situation, psychology)
  • Purpose: Inform, entertain, persuade
  • Topic selection: Narrow to specific areas
  • Data gathering: Collect information
  • Writing pattern: Structure ideas logically
  • Outlining: Structure thoughts clearly and logically
  • Introduction: Grab attention and introduce topic
  • Body: Explain topic, give examples
  • Conclusion: Summarize and call to action
  • Editing & revising: Ensure clarity and accuracy

Types of Speeches by Purpose

  • Informative: Providing information
  • Entertainment: Engaging and amusing the audience

Speech Delivery Aspects

  • Vocal delivery: clarity, volume, pitch, pace
  • Physical delivery: body language, posture, facial expressions, eye contact
  • Language delivery: word choice, sentence structure, imagery

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