Podcast
Questions and Answers
Name one prosodic feature or suprasegmental.
Name one prosodic feature or suprasegmental.
Intonation.
What is the age range for the prelinguistic stage?
What is the age range for the prelinguistic stage?
0 to 12 months.
What is the stage that is the onset of meaningful speech?
What is the stage that is the onset of meaningful speech?
The one-word stage.
Define Speech.
Define Speech.
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What is Syntax?
What is Syntax?
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Explain Morphophonemic Error.
Explain Morphophonemic Error.
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Name two types of phonetics.
Name two types of phonetics.
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What distinguishes articulation from phonology?
What distinguishes articulation from phonology?
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What is Phonological Awareness?
What is Phonological Awareness?
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Flashcards
Prosodic Feature
Prosodic Feature
Characteristics of speech beyond individual sounds, like intonation and stress.
Prelinguistic Stage Age Range
Prelinguistic Stage Age Range
The developmental period before meaningful speech, typically from birth to around 12 months.
Onset of Meaningful Speech
Onset of Meaningful Speech
The stage in language development where children start using words with meaning, typically around 12 months.
Articulation
Articulation
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Phoneme
Phoneme
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Distinctive Features
Distinctive Features
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Vowels
Vowels
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Coarticulation
Coarticulation
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Phonological Awareness
Phonological Awareness
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Study Notes
Prosodic Features/Suprasegmentals
- Stress and intonation are prosodic features
- Age range for prelinguistic stage is 0-1
- First words emerge during the 12-18-month stage
What is Speech?
- Speech is a system linking meaning and sound
- It's the primary method for normal language acquisition
- Language is an arbitrary system of signs used within a linguistic community to convey meaning
- Phonemes are minimal sound units that distinguish language
Morphological Errors
- Children may not properly use grammatical morphemes like the plural "s"
Syntax
- Syntax refers to the ordering of words in sentences
Semantics and Articulation
- Semantics focuses on word meaning
- Articulation can be affected by syntactic, semantic, and phonological variables that can cause errors
Organs/Subsystems of Speech Production
- Respiratory System:
- Lungs, airways, rib cage, and diaphragm
- Provides air for sound production
- Diaphragm is the primary inhalation muscle
- Phonatory System/Larynx:
- Also known as the voice box
- Includes cartilage and muscles
Types of Phonetics
- Experimental Phonetics: Uses scientific methods to study speech sounds and production
- Articulatory/Physiological Phonetics: Focuses on how speakers produce sounds
- Acoustic Phonetics: Examines sound waves and their travels from the speaker to the listener
- Perceptual Phonetics: Examines how listeners perceive sounds
- Applied Phonetics: Applies knowledge of speech to practical situations
Consonants
- Place of Articulation: Describes the location of airflow constriction
- Manner of Articulation: Refers to the degree or type of airflow closure
- Voicing: Refers to whether vocal folds vibrate during sound production
Vowels
- Vowel production characteristics include articulatory features
Coarticulation
- Sounds influence one another in connected speech
- Anticipatory: The preceding consonant affects the following vowel
- Retentive: The following consonant adopts features from the preceding vowel
Phonological Patterns
- Systematic sound changes that simplify production
- Syllabic Structures:
- Unstressed Deletion: Omission of unstressed syllables
- Reduplication: Repetition of a syllable
- Epenthesis: Insertion of an unstressed vowel
- Diminutization: Adding “ee" at the end of a word ("doggie")
- Coalescence: Two consecutive consonants replaced by one
- Final Consonant Deletion: Omission of the final consonant
- Initial Consonant Deletion: Omission of the initial consonant
- Cluster Reduction/Deletion/Substitution: Simplification of consonant clusters
- Stopping: Airflow is totally stopped
- Deaffrication: Affricate replaced with a fricative or stop
- Velar Fronting: Velar sounds moved forward
- Depalatalization: Palatal sounds become alveolar
Assimilation Patterns
- Labial Assimilation: non-labial becomes labial
- Velar Assimilation: /k/, /g/, /ŋ/ (“cup” - “cuk”)
Articulation vs Phonology
- Articulation: Motor components that are observable/produced
- Phonology: More abstract processes involved in sound production
- Rules for sound production, more abstract
Suprasegmental Features
- Stress: Importance given to a word or utterance
- Intonation: Changes in fundamental frequency
- Loudness: Intensity/vocal effort
- Pitch: High or low
- Length of Phonemes/Syllables: Duration of speech segments
General Stages of Phonological Development
- Prelinguistic Stage (0;1-1;0): Includes first words, /cv/, /cvc/, /cvcv/
- First Words Stage (1;0-1;6): Development toward 50 words
- Phonemic Development (1;6-4;0): Growing sound system and word usage
- Stabilization of Phonological System (4;0-8;0): Learning sounds and words through reading & spelling
- Prelinguistic Stages (1-5): stages of babbling and developing skills and distinctions, involving vowels and consonants including:
- Phonation
- Coo and goo
- Vocal Play
- Canonical Babbling
- Variegated Babbling
Protowords
- Consistent forms used by children that don't resemble adult words
- Invented words, sensorimotor morphemes, or quasi-words
First Words
- True words have a stable phonetic form
- Development influenced by the surrounding language community/culture
- Can be advanced or regressive for the child's age.
Phonemic Development
- Focus on how children use and learn sounds
Phonological Awareness
- Ability to manipulate the sound structure of words beyond meaning
- Whole word to syllable to phoneme awareness
- Includes rhyming, syllable awareness, etc.
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Description
Explore the key aspects of speech and language development, focusing on prosodic features, the structure of speech, morphological errors, and the syntax involved in communication. This quiz will test your understanding of the systems involved in normal language acquisition and the variables affecting articulation and semantics.
