Speech and Language Development

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Questions and Answers

What is prelinguistic communication?

Communication that involves infantile noises and gestures to request objects.

When should early intervention in speech and language development ideally begin?

When the child is of preschool age

During the first few months of life (correct)

Between the ages of 12 and 18 months

In kindergarten

The loss of the ability to speak is typically more disabling than the loss of the ability to use language.

True

Which one of the following is an example of an alternative question-asking strategy?

Reducing the complexity of a question Signup and view all the answers

What is decoding?

The ability to transfer written words into speech. Signup and view all the answers

Students with language disorders tend to express themselves clearly in writing.

False Signup and view all the answers

What do speech-language pathologists measure to document outcomes based on individual intervention plans?

Functional communication. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about communication variations is true?

Someone with a language difference that is a disorder has difficulty communicating even in his or her home language community. Signup and view all the answers

According to typical development, by what age are all American English speech sounds acquired?

8 years Signup and view all the answers

Language development is easily separated from social and cognitive development.

False Signup and view all the answers

Language disorders are generally classified according to which two dimensions?

Domain and etiology Signup and view all the answers

What does specific language impairment refer to?

Language disorders with no identifiable cause. Signup and view all the answers

A failure of the child to understand the sound system of language represents what?

Phonological disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is lisping?

An articulation disorder. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of children and adults in this country are considered stutterers?

1% Signup and view all the answers

What is dysarthria?

A disorder due to brain damage that affects a person's respiratory support for making speech sounds. Signup and view all the answers

Communication requires which of the following?

Encoding and decoding Signup and view all the answers

What is language?

The communication of ideas through an arbitrary system of symbols used according to certain rules that determine meaning. Signup and view all the answers

What is receptive language?

Decoding, or understanding messages. Signup and view all the answers

What does phonology refer to?

Linguistic rules governing sound combinations. Signup and view all the answers

A language disorder that involves problems with functional and socially appropriate communication is referred to as?

Pragmatics Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are examples of speech disorders EXCEPT?

Semantic disorder Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of children identified for special education receives services primarily for speech or language disorders?

20% Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of students in elementary and secondary grades is thought to have speech disorders?

5% Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Prelinguistic Communication

Example of prelinguistic communication includes infantile noises and gestures used by young children to express needs.

Early Intervention

Early intervention in speech and language development is ideal during the first few months of life.

Communication Challenges in Adults

Loss of the ability to speak is often more disabling than the inability to understand language.
Individuals with severe disabilities may need alternative or augmentative communication systems.

Question-Acquiring Strategies

An example of an alternative question-asking strategy is reducing the complexity of a question.

Decoding Defined

Decoding is the ability to convert written words into spoken language.

Written Language Development

As students progress in grades, the significance of written language increases, with mastery of the alphabetic system being crucial.

Measuring Functional Communication

Speech-language pathologists assess outcomes through demographic data and scales measuring functional communication.

Language Differences

A language difference becomes a disorder when there is difficulty communicating, even within one's own language community.

Typical Language Development Milestone

All American English speech sounds are typically acquired by age eight.

Pragmatic Theory of Language Development

Pragmatic theory posits that language development is influenced by arranging natural environments for effective language teaching.

Classifications of Language Disorders

Language disorders are categorized by domain and etiology.

Specific Language Impairment

Specific language impairment refers to language disorders that have no identifiable cause.

Phonological Disorders

An inability to comprehend the sound system of a language at an age-appropriate level is indicative of phonological disorders.

Articulation Disorders

Lisping is an example of an articulation disorder.

Stuttering Prevalence

Approximately 1% of children and adults in the U.S. are classified as stutterers.

Dysarthria

Dysarthria is a speech disorder resulting from brain damage affecting respiratory support for speech.

Essential Components of Communication

Effective communication involves encoding and decoding messages.

Definition of Language

Language is the system of symbols used to convey ideas following specific rules to determine meaning.

Receptive Language

Receptive language refers to the ability to decode and understand messages.

Phonology

Phonology involves rules regarding sound combinations in language.

Pragmatics in Language Disorders

Language disorders affecting social communication and functional use are categorized as pragmatic disorders.

Speech Disorder Categories

Semantic disorder, which deals with meaning, is not classified as a speech disorder.

Special Education Services

About 20% of children identified for special education services receive support primarily for speech or language disorders.

Prevalence of Speech Disorders

Approximately 5% of students in elementary and secondary grades are believed to have speech disorders.

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Description

This quiz covers various aspects of speech and language development, including prelinguistic communication in infants, early intervention strategies, and the challenges adults face in communication. It also explores decoding skills, written language development, and methods for measuring functional communication. Test your knowledge on these essential topics!