Specialized Connective Tissues mcq&summray
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Questions and Answers

What are the components of cartilage?

  • White blood cells and platelets
  • Chondroblasts and red blood cells
  • Chondrocytes and extracellular matrix (correct)
  • Adipose tissue and blood tissue

    • How does cartilage receive its nutrition?

  • Through lymphatic vessels
  • Through direct blood supply
  • Through nervous system stimulation
  • Through diffusion from adjacent tissues (correct)

    • What is the membrane surrounding the surfaces of most cartilage structures called?

  • Perichondrium (correct)
  • Endosteum
  • Periosteum
  • Fascia

    • What is the predominant cell type in growing cartilage?

    <p>Chondroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are mature cartilage cells typically found?

    <p>In small groups within common cavities called LACUNAE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of specialized connective tissue with rigid material?

    <p>To support (bone and cartilage)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue serves for transportation in the body?

    <p><strong>Blood</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cartilage is predominantly composed of collagen II and is located in the tracheal rings and articular cartilages?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cartilage provides elasticity, resilience, and firmness to the pinna of the ear and the epiglottis?

    <p>Elastic cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is fibrocartilage primarily located and what function does it serve?

    <p>Intervertebral discs, shock absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of connective tissue is made of mineralized extracellular matrix and performs hematopoietic functions?

    <p>Bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue covers the external surface of bone except at muscle attachment and articular cartilage?

    <p>Periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a long bone has a thin layer of compact bone covering a meshwork of bony plates and cavities known as bone marrow?

    <p>Epiphyses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of bones includes the ribs and the bones of the skull?

    <p>Flat bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bone tissue consists of cells, fibers, and a canal system known as the osteon or haversian system?

    <p>Compact bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of red bone marrow?

    <p>Hematopoietic function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What covers the internal surface of bone with a thin layer of osteoprogenitor cells?

    <p>Endosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone has a central cavity filled with compact bone known as diaphysis?

    <p>Diaphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cartilage is located in the menisci of the knee joint and helps in shock absorption?

    <p>Fibrocartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone is softer, weaker, and more flexible due to its higher surface-area-to-mass ratio?

    <p>Spongy bone (Cancellous)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary anatomical and functional unit of spongy bone?

    <p>Trabeculae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of adipose tissue plays a role in the storage of fat?

    <p>White/yellow adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gives blood its bright red color when oxygenated?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood cells are non-cellular elements that assist in the blood clotting process?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of yellow adipose tissue?

    <p>Storage of fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cells lack pronounced granules in the cytoplasm?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure within spongy bone that functions well in storing bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cells?

    <p>Trabeculae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of adipose tissue is a specialized connective tissue that plays a role in storage of fat?

    <p>White/yellow adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element of the blood is most numerous, with around 4.5 to 5.5 million cells per cubic millimeter?

    <p>Erythrocytes (red blood cells)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Newton's 2nd law, which of the following statements is true?

    <p>Force is directly proportional to acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of force requires physical contact between two objects?

    <p>Friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Newton's 1st Law of Motion?

    <p>To explain the concept of inertia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of force acts through empty space and does not require physical contact?

    <p>Electromagnetic Force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of force requires direct contact between two objects?

    <p>Friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Newton's 3rd Law of Motion, what happens when a bird pushes down on the air with its wings?

    <p>The air pushes the bird's wings down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law states that an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion at constant velocity, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force?

    <p>Newton's 1st Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Newton's 2nd Law of Motion define?

    <p>The relationship between force and acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of force requires physical contact between two objects and opposes the motion of one object over another?

    <p>Friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Newton's 3rd Law of Motion?

    <p>To determine the reaction of forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Newton's 1st Law of Motion describe?

    <p>The tendency of objects to maintain their state of motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of force acts through empty space and does not require physical contact?

    <p>Electromagnetic Force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the human body, which type of force is responsible for holding the moon in orbit?

    <p>Gravitational force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which force holds particles in the nucleus of an atom together?

    <p>Strong nuclear force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of forces help circulate blood and enable the lungs to take in air in the human body?

    <p>Muscular forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of force is involved in the radioactive decay of nuclei?

    <p>Weak force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of most skeletal muscles' operation based on leverage and lever systems?

    <p>Muscles as levers, joints as fulcrums, and contraction as effort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lever has the pivot located between the effort and the load?

    <p>Class 1 lever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows a given effort to move a heavier load or move a load farther or faster than it otherwise could?

    <p>Mechanical advantage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the human body, what can be modeled as a pivoted rod with muscles providing force to move the load?

    <p>Spinal column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of levers have mechanical advantages that range from less than 1 to greater than 1?

    <p>Class 1 levers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "What type of adipose tissue plays a role in the storage of fat?"

    <p>'Yellow' adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "What type of connective tissue is made of mineralized extracellular matrix and performs hematopoietic functions?"

    <p>&quot;Bone&quot; tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Which type of connective tissue is predominantly composed of collagen II and is located in the tracheal rings and articular cartilages?"

    <p>&quot;Hyaline&quot; cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of torque and equilibrium, what happens when the weight is lifted against the body compared to when the back is horizontal?

    <p>The torque exerted by the weight is larger when lifted against the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the maximum force of friction (F) between two surfaces?

    <p>$F = µN$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of the horizontal force component of the heel as it strikes the ground when a person is walking?

    <p>0.15W</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Newton's second law, what is the formula to calculate force (F)?

    <p>$F = ma$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Example 1 for dynamic force, what is the force developed on impact when a 60 Kg person walking at 1 m/sec stops in a distance of 2.5 cm in about 0.05 sec?

    <p>1200 N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Example 2, if a person walking at 1 m/sec hits his head on a steel beam and stops in a distance of 0.5 cm in about 0.01 sec, what is the force developed?

    <p>400 N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the effects that accelerations can produce?

    <p>All of the mentioned effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does resonant frequency depend on?

    <p>It depends on mass and elastic forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs if a particular organ is vibrated vigorously at its resonant frequency?

    <p>Pain or discomfort occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which force holds particles in the nucleus of an atom together?

    <p>Strong Nuclear Force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predominant cell type in growing cartilage?

    <p>Chondrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the human body, which type of force is responsible for holding the moon in orbit?

    <p>Gravitational Force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure within spongy bone that functions well in storing bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cells?

    <p>Trabeculae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the effects that accelerations can produce?

    <p>Varicose Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs if a particular organ is vibrated vigorously at its resonant frequency?

    <p>Tissue Damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connective tissue is made of mineralized extracellular matrix and performs hematopoietic functions?

    <p>Red Bone Marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of levers have the pivot located between the effort and the load?

    <p>Class 1 Levers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the maximum force of friction (F) between two surfaces?

    <p>F = µN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of force acts through empty space and does not require physical contact?

    <p>Electromagnetic Force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What covers the internal surface of bone with a thin layer of osteoprogenitor cells?

    <p>Periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of equilibrium and torque, what happens when the weight is lifted closer to the body?

    <p>The torque exerted by the weight decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the maximum force of friction (F) between two surfaces?

    <p>F = µN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a person walking at 1 m/sec hits his head on a steel beam and stops in a distance of 0.5 cm in about 0.01 sec, what is the force developed?

    <p>400 Newton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs if a particular organ is vibrated vigorously at its resonant frequency?

    <p>The organ may experience discomfort or pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gives blood its bright red color when oxygenated?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the effects that accelerations can produce?

    <p>Increase or decrease in body weight, change in hydrostatic pressure, distortion of elastic tissues, and separation of solid particles in a liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of the horizontal force component of the heel as it strikes the ground when a person is walking?

    <p>$F = 0.15W$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Example 1 for dynamic force, what is the force developed on impact when a 60 Kg person walking at 1 m/sec stops in a distance of 2.5 cm in about 0.05 sec?

    <p>$1200$ Newton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Newton's 1st Law of Motion describe?

    <p>$An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion at constant velocity, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of adipose tissue is a specialized connective tissue that plays a role in storage of fat?

    <p>Brown adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Newton's 1st Law of Motion, what is the tendency of an object at rest or in motion?

    <p>Inertia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of force does not require direct physical contact between two objects?

    <p>Electromagnetic force (EMF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Newton's 2nd Law of Motion, what is the relationship between force and acceleration?

    <p>Force equals mass times acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of forces includes gravity and electromagnetic force?

    <p>Field forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of yellow adipose tissue?

    <p>Energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of torque and equilibrium, what happens when the weight is lifted against the body compared to when the back is horizontal?

    <p>More effort is required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predominant cell type in growing cartilage?

    <p>Chondrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are mature cartilage cells typically found?

    <p>Lacunae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "What type of connective tissue is predominantly composed of collagen II and is located in the tracheal rings and articular cartilages?"

    <p>Elastic cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Hyaline cartilage: bluish-white, translucent, located in nasal septum, tracheal rings, articular cartilages, costal cartilages, and fetal skeleton. Composed of chondrocytes, ground substance, and fibers, predominantly collagen II. Chondrocytes are spherical or elliptic, arranged in groups or isogenous groups in lacunae. Functions: maintains trachea and bronchi patency, provides support and protection to thoracic viscera, and forms smooth surface for joint movements.

    • Elastic cartilage: yellowish color, located in the pinna of the ear, external acoustic meatus, auditory tube, epiglottis, and cuneiform and corniculate cartilages of the larynx. Composed of chondrocytes, ground substance, and fibers, and includes collagen II and elastic fibers. Chondrocytes are housed singly or in pairs in lacunae. Functions: provides elasticity, resilience, and firmness to the structure.

    • Fibrocartilage: located in intervertebral discs, menisci of the knee joint, and pubic symphysis. Composed of chondrocytes and matrix bundles of thick collagen fibers. Chondrocytes are small, spindle-shaped, similar to fibroblasts. Functions: helps in shock absorption and withstands compression and shearing forces.

    • Bone: a specialized type of connective tissue made of cells, fibers, and ground substance. Consists of mineralized extracellular matrix, and performs hematopoietic functions. Long bone has diaphysis, epiphyses, and coverings (endosteum and periosteum). Compact bone is the hard and dense type, which is harder, stronger, and stiffer than spongy bone, and is the primary anatomical and functional unit of compact bone. The primary component of bone tissue is the osteon or haversian system, which consists of cells, fibers, and a canal system.

    • Periosteum: a layer of connective tissue covering the external surface of bone except at muscle attachment and articular cartilage. Has two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular (osteogenic).

    • Endosteum: a thin layer of osteoprogenitor cells covering the internal surface of bone.

    • Epiphyses: ends of long bone with a thin layer of compact bone covering a meshwork of bony plates and cavities called bone marrow. Bone marrow is of two types: red bone marrow (hematopoietic function) and yellow bone marrow (replaced with adipose tissue in adults).

    • Bones: classified by shape: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Under the microscope, bones are classified as spongy bone and compact bone.

    • Long bone: has two ends (epiphysis) and a long shaft (diaphysis). Cross-section shows diaphysis, epiphyses, and coverings (endosteum and periosteum). Diaphysis is a tubular sheath covering a central cavity (marrow cavity) filled with compact bone. Epiphyses have a thin layer of compact bone covering a meshwork of bony plates and cavities (bone marrow).

    • The text discusses the four fundamental forces in nature: Gravitational Force, Electromagnetic Force, Strong Nuclear Force, and Weak Force.

    • Gravitational Force: an attractive force that exists between all objects, it is the weakest force, and is responsible for holding the moon in orbit.

    • Electromagnetic Force: results from electric charge, gives materials their strength and abilities, and is much larger than gravity.

    • Strong Nuclear Force: holds particles in the nucleus of an atom together, is the strongest force, but only acts over the distance of a nucleus.

    • Weak Force: a form of electromagnetic force involved in radioactive decay of nuclei.

    • In the human body, there are various types of forces: muscular, molecular, electric, and gravitational.

    • Muscular forces help circulate blood and enable the lungs to take in air.

    • Medical effects of gravitational forces include the formation of varicose veins and bone mineral loss when a person becomes weightless.

    • Gravity is a downward force that affects all objects on Earth, including the forces that keep the body in equilibrium (static force) and the forces that accelerate the body (dynamic force).

    • The operation of most skeletal muscles involves the use of leverage and lever systems, where bones are levers, joints are fulcrums, and muscle contraction provides effort.

    • The body's lever systems allow a given effort to move a heavier load, or move a load farther or faster, than it otherwise could.

    • Types of levers include class 1, class 2, and class 3 levers, which differ based on the location of the fulcrum, load, and effort.

    • Class 1 levers have the pivot between the effort and the load, and have mechanical advantages that range from less than 1 to greater than 1.

    • In the human body, the spinal column can be modeled as a pivoted rod, with muscles providing force to move the load (spine).

    • The text discusses various concepts related to levers, including mechanical advantage, disadvantage, and the relationship between lever movement and resistance movement.

    • The text discusses the four fundamental forces in nature: Gravitational Force, Electromagnetic Force, Strong Nuclear Force, and Weak Force.

    • Gravitational Force: an attractive force that exists between all objects, it is the weakest force, and is responsible for holding the moon in orbit.

    • Electromagnetic Force: results from electric charge, gives materials their strength and abilities, and is much larger than gravity.

    • Strong Nuclear Force: holds particles in the nucleus of an atom together, is the strongest force, but only acts over the distance of a nucleus.

    • Weak Force: a form of electromagnetic force involved in radioactive decay of nuclei.

    • In the human body, there are various types of forces: muscular, molecular, electric, and gravitational.

    • Muscular forces help circulate blood and enable the lungs to take in air.

    • Medical effects of gravitational forces include the formation of varicose veins and bone mineral loss when a person becomes weightless.

    • Gravity is a downward force that affects all objects on Earth, including the forces that keep the body in equilibrium (static force) and the forces that accelerate the body (dynamic force).

    • The operation of most skeletal muscles involves the use of leverage and lever systems, where bones are levers, joints are fulcrums, and muscle contraction provides effort.

    • The body's lever systems allow a given effort to move a heavier load, or move a load farther or faster, than it otherwise could.

    • Types of levers include class 1, class 2, and class 3 levers, which differ based on the location of the fulcrum, load, and effort.

    • Class 1 levers have the pivot between the effort and the load, and have mechanical advantages that range from less than 1 to greater than 1.

    • In the human body, the spinal column can be modeled as a pivoted rod, with muscles providing force to move the load (spine).

    • The text discusses various concepts related to levers, including mechanical advantage, disadvantage, and the relationship between lever movement and resistance movement.

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